United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories

United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories
United Nations list of Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (published in 2002)

The United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories is a list of countries that, according to the United Nations, are non-decolonized. The list was initially prepared in 1946 pursuant to Chapter XI of the United Nations Charter, and has been updated by the General Assembly on recommendation of the Special Committee on Decolonization and its predecessors. Only permanently inhabited territories are considered for inclusion in this list, excluding many remote atolls (e.g., Clipperton Island and Kingman Reef) and Southern Ocean territories (e.g., French Southern and Antarctic Lands and Heard Island and McDonald Islands). The list currently contains 16 entries.[1]

Contents

History

Administering powers of Non-Self-Governing Territories:
  State currently in control of territories on the list
  State formerly in control of territories on the list
  Special case

The United Nations Charter contains a Declaration Concerning Non-Self-Governing Territories.[2] In Article 73e of the Charter, member States agree to report to the United Nations annually on the development of non-self-governing territories under their control. The initial List of Non-Self-Governing Territories was created by compiling lists of dependent territories submitted by the administering States themselves. In several instances, administering States were allowed to remove dependent territories from the list, either unilaterally (as in the case of many French overseas departments and territories), or by vote of the General Assembly (as in the cases of Puerto Rico, Greenland, the Netherlands Antilles, and Suriname).

The list draws its origins from the period of colonialism and the Charter's concept of non-self-governing territories. As an increasing number of formerly colonized countries became UN members, the General Assembly increasingly asserted its authority to place additional territories on the List and repeatedly declared that only the General Assembly had the authority to authorize a territory's being removed from the list upon attainment of any status other than full independence. For example, when Portugal joined the United Nations, it contended that it controlled no non-self-governing territories (because areas such as Angola and Mozambique were purported to be an integral part of the Portuguese state), but the General Assembly rejected this position. Similarly, Western Sahara was added in 1963 when it was a Spanish colony. The same can be said about the situation of Namibia (removed upon its independence in 1990), which was seen, due to its former status as a mandate territory, as a vestige of German colonial legacy in Africa. A set of criteria for determining whether a territory is to be considered "non-self-governing" was established in General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV) of 1960.

Also in 1960, the General Assembly adopted Resolution 1514 (XV), promulgating the "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples", which declared that all remaining non-self-governing territories and trust territories were entitled to self-determination and independence. The following year, the General Assembly established the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (sometimes referred to as the Special Committee on Decolonization, or the "Committee of 24" because for much of its history the committee was composed of 24 members), which reviews the situation in non-self-governing territories each year and reports to the General Assembly.

Criticism

Current UN Map

The list remains controversial for various reasons.

Choosing to remain a territory

One reason for the remaining controversy is the fact that the list includes many dependencies that have democratically chosen to maintain their territorial status, and rejected independence (or in some cases the territory periodically organizes referenda, as in the United States Virgin Islands, but there is insufficient voter participation). Other non-self-determining areas are excluded.

Another example is Tokelau. In response to attempts at decolonizing Tokelau, New Zealand journalist Michael Field wrote in 2004: "The UN [...] is anxious to rid the world of the last remaining vestiges of colonialism by the end of the decade. It has a list of 16 territories around the world, virtually none of which wants to be independent to any degree".[3] Tokelau is seen by some as a case in point. Field further notes that Patuki Isaako, who was head of Tokelau's government at the time of a UN seminar on decolonization in 2004, informed the United Nations that his country had no wish to be decolonized, and that Tokelauans had opposed the idea of decolonization ever since the first visit by UN officials in 1976. In 2006, a UN-supervised referendum on decolonization was held in Tokelau, where voters rejected the offer of self-government. When the first referendum failed, a second was held in 2007, and Tokelauans rejected it again. This led New Zealand politician and former diplomat John Hayes, on behalf of the National Party, to state that "Tokelau did the right thing to resist pressure from [the New Zealand government] and the United Nations to pursue self-government".[4] The United Nations most likely supported there being a referendum because clear majorities of Tokelauans support self-government in association with New Zealand. This was reinforced by the results of the referendum, which show that over 60% (60.07% in the first referendum, and 64.40% in the second) voted for self-government. However, the terms of the referendum required a two-thirds majority to vote in favor of self-government. On the second occasion, the proposition failed by just 16 votes. In May 2008, the United Nations' Secretary General Ban Ki-moon urged colonial powers "to complete the decolonization process in every one of the remaining 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories".[5] This led the New Zealand Herald to comment that the United Nations was "apparently frustrated by two failed attempts to get Tokelau to vote for independence from New Zealand".[6]

Gibraltar is another prime example of resident desires to remain with the status quo. Gibraltar, a largely self-governing British territory on the tip of the Iberian Peninsula whose territory is claimed by Spain, has twice held referenda to resolve their status. In the first referendum, held in 1967, the choices in the ballot were either to retain their current status or to become part of Spain. The status quo was favoured by 12,138 votes to 44. In the second referendum, held in 2002, a proposal for a joint Anglo-Spanish administration of the territory was proposed, and was voted down by 17,900 votes to 187 - the "no" vote accounting for more than 85% of Gibraltar's entire voting population.[7]

Population (or lack thereof) is also an issue regarding at least one territory included on the list: the British colony Pitcairn Islands, with a total population of 48 (many of whom are related), has simply too small a population base (and habitable landmass for expansion), to be realistically viable as an independent state.

Completely autonomous dependencies

  Currently listed territories
  Formerly listed territories

Another criticism is that a number of the listed territories, such as Bermuda, consider themselves completely autonomous and self-governing, with the "administering power" retaining limited oversight over matters such as defence and diplomacy.[citation needed] In past years, there were ongoing disputes between some administering powers and the Decolonization Committee over whether territories such as pre-independence Brunei and the West Indies Associated States should still be considered "non-self-governing," particularly in instances where the administering country was prepared to grant full independence whenever the territory requested it. These disputes became redundant as those territories eventually received full independence.

Removed under other circumstances

Territories that have achieved a status described by the administering countries ("the colonizing power") as internally self-governing — such as Puerto Rico, the Netherlands Antilles, and the Cook Islands — have been removed from the list by vote of the General Assembly, often under pressure of the colonizing power or similar circumstances. In 1972, for example, Hong Kong (then administered by the United Kingdom) and Macau (then administered by Portugal) were removed from the list at the request of the People's Republic of China, which had just been recognized as holding China's seat at the United Nations.

Some territories that have been annexed and incorporated into the legal framework of the controlling state (such as the overseas departments of France) are considered by the UN to have been decolonized, since they then no longer constitute "non-self-governing" entities; their populations are assumed to have agreed to merge with the former parent state. However, in 1961, the General Assembly voted to end this treatment for the then-"overseas provinces" of Portugal such as Angola and Mozambique, which were active foci of United Nations attention until they attained independence in the mid-1970s.

Status revocation

On December 2, 1986, New Caledonia, then an overseas territory, was reinstated on the list of non-self-governing territories, an action that France protested. New Caledonia is the only French-administered territory now on the list; it has enjoyed the status of a collectivité sui generis, or a one-of-a-kind community, since 1999. Under the 1998 Nouméa Accord, its Territorial Congress has the right to call for a referendum on independence after 2014.

List not complete

Another point of controversy is the criteria set down in 1960 by General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV), 4 Principle 12 of the Annex,[8] which only focused on colonies of the Western World, namely Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States. This list of administering states wasn't expanded afterwards.

Nevertheless some of the 111 members who joined the UN after 1960 gained independence from countries not covered by Resolution 1541 and were themselves not classified as "Non-Self-Governing Territories" by the UN. Of these that joined the UN between 1960 and 2008, 11 were independent before 1960 and 71 were included on the list (some as a group). Out of the other 29, seven (mostly Arab) were colonies or protectorates of the "Western" countries, six were part of Yugoslavia, two were part of Czechoslovakia, 12 were part of the Soviet Union (Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus already had UN seats before the dissolution of the USSR) and one each was part of Ethiopia and Pakistan.

Current entries

Location[9] Name[9] Administering state[9] Status Other claimants Population Area / km2 Area / mi2 See also
Africa   Western Saharaa  Spaina See notea  Morocco
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
393,831 266,000 102,700 Legal status of Western Sahara
Atlantic and Caribbean  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha  United Kingdom Overseas territory None 7,601 413 159.5 Politics of Saint Helena
Atlantic and Caribbean  Bermuda  United Kingdom Overseas territory None 67,837 (listed as 6,997) 53.3 20.6 Politics of Bermuda
Atlantic and Caribbean  Falkland Islands [10]  United Kingdom Overseas territory  Argentina 3,140 12,200 4,700 Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands
Atlantic and Caribbean  Anguilla  United Kingdom Overseas territory None 14,108 102 39.4 Politics of Anguilla
Atlantic and Caribbean  British Virgin Islands  United Kingdom Overseas territory None 24,041 153 59.1 Politics of the British Virgin Islands
Atlantic and Caribbean  Cayman Islands  United Kingdom Overseas territory None 47,862 262 101.2 Foreign relations of the Cayman Islands
Atlantic and Caribbean  Montserrat  United Kingdom Overseas territory None 5,079 102 39.4 Government of Montserrat
Atlantic and Caribbean  Turks and Caicos Islands  United Kingdom Overseas territory None 22,352 430 166.0 Politics of the Turks and Caicos Islands
Atlantic and Caribbean  United States Virgin Islands  United States Unincorporated organized territory None 109,840 346.36 133.730 Politics of the United States Virgin Islands
Europe  Gibraltar  United Kingdom Overseas territory  Spain 28,002 6.5 2.5 Disputed status of Gibraltar
Asia and Pacific  American Samoa  United States Unincorporated unorganized territory None 64,827 199 76.8 Politics of American Samoa
Asia and Pacific  Guam  United States Unincorporated organized territory None 175,877 541.3 209.0 Politics of Guam
Asia and Pacific  New Caledonia  France Sui Generis Collectivity None 224,824 19,060 7,359 Politics of New Caledonia
Asia and Pacific  Pitcairn Islands  United Kingdom Overseas territory None 50 47 18.1 Politics of the Pitcairn Islands
Asia and Pacific  Tokelau  New Zealand Territory None 1,433 10. 3.9 Politics of Tokelau

^a The Spanish colony of the Spanish Sahara up to 1976, 85% of the territory of Western Sahara is now occupied and administered by Morocco. The rest of the territory is under the control of the Polisario Front and administered by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The UN however still considers Spain as administrating country of the whole territory,[11] awaiting the outcome of the ongoing Manhasset negotiations and resulting election to be overseen by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara.

Former entries

The following Territories were once listed by the General Assembly as Non-Self-Governing. Dates show the year of independence or other change in a Territory's status that resulted in its removal from the list[12]

Removed due to a status other than independence

Continent Name[12] Status[12] Current status Administering state[12] Population Area / km2 Area / mi2 Year of removal[12] See also
Africa Spain Ifni Change in Status (Integrated into Morocco) Tiznit Province, Souss-Massa-Draâ region, Morocco  Spain 51,517 1,502 580 1969 Politics of Morocco
Africa Portugal São João Batista de Ajuda Change in Status (Integrated into Benin) Ouidah commune, Atlantique department, Benin  Portugal 1961 Politics of Benin
North America  Greenland Change in Status Gained home rule, Country within the Kingdom of Denmark[13][14]  Denmark 57,564 2,166,086 836,330.5 1954 Politics of Greenland
Asia France French Establishments in India Change in Status (Annexed by India) Puducherry union territory and part of West Bengal state of India  France 973,829 492 190.0 1947 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly
Asia Portugal Goa and Dependencies Change in Status (Annexed by India) Goa state and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territories of India  Portugal 1961
Asia  Hong Kong Change in Status (Removed from the list on request of the People's Republic of China)[citation needed] Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC  United Kingdom 7,018,636 1,092 421.6 1972 Politics of Hong Kong
Asia Flag of Macau (1976-1999) Macau and dependencies Change in Status (Removed from the list on request of the People's Republic of China)[citation needed] Macao Special Administrative Region of the PRC  Portugal 545,674 28.2 10.89 1972 Politics of Macau
North America  Saint Pierre and Miquelon Change in Status Overseas collectivity of France  France 7,044 242 93.4 1947 Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
North America  Guadeloupe and Dependencies Change in Status Overseas department of Guadeloupe and overseas collectivities of Saint-Barthelemy and Saint-Martin, France  France 408,000 1,628 628.6 1947 Politics of Guadeloupe
North America  Martinique Change in Status Overseas department of France  France 401,000 1,128 435.5 1947 Politics of Martinique
North/South America  Netherlands Antilles Change in Status Aruba, Curaçao and Sint-Maarten are constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the other remaining islands are special municipalities of the Netherlands.  Netherlands 225,369 960 371 1951 Politics of the Netherlands Antilles
North America  Puerto Rico Change in Status Gained self-rule, Unincorporated organized commonwealth of the United States  United States 3,958,128 8,870 3,420 1952 Political status of Puerto Rico
Asia  Cocos (Keeling) Islands Change in Status Gained self-rule, External territory of Australia  Australia 596 14 5.4 1984 Shire of Cocos
Africa  Réunion Change in Status Overseas department of France  France 793,000 2,512 969.9 1947 Politics of Réunion
North America  Alaska Change in Status U.S. state, United States of America  United States 683,478 1,700,130. 656,424 1959 Legal status of Alaska
North America  Panama Canal Zone Change in Status (Removed from the list on request of Panama)[citation needed] Part of Colón and Panama provinces of Panama  United States 1947 Politics of Panama
Oceania  Cook Islands Change in Status Gained self-rule, Free association with New Zealand  New Zealand 12,271 236.7 93.39 1965 Politics of the Cook Islands
Oceania French Polynesia French Establishments in Oceania Change in Status French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna overseas collectivities of France  France 298,256 4,441 1,714.7 1947 Politics of French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna
Oceania  Hawaii Change in Status Became United States state  United States 1,283,388 28,311 10,930.9 1959 Legal status of Hawaii
Oceania  Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands Change in Status  Marshall Islands  United States 1990
Change in Status  Federated States of Micronesia  United States 1990
Change in Status  Northern Mariana Islands  United States 1990
Change in Status  Palau (separated from  Federated States of Micronesia)  United States 1994
Oceania  New Caledonia and Dependencies Change in Status Sui Generis Collectivity of France

General Assembly determined that New Caledonia was a Non-Self-Governing Territory.
 France 224,824 19,060 7,359 1947



1986
Politics of New Caledonia
Oceania  Niue Island Change in Status Free association with New Zealand  New Zealand 1,444 260 100.4 1974 Politics of Niue
Asia  Colony of Sarawak Change in Status (Joined Malaya to form Malaysia)[15][16] Malaysian state of Sarawak  United Kingdom 124,450 48,050 1963
Asia  North Borneo Change in Status (Joined Malaya to form Malaysia)[15][16] Malaysian state of Sabah  United Kingdom 285,000 76,115 29,388 1963
South America  French Guiana Change in Status Overseas department of France, French Republic  France 209,000 83,534 32,253 1947 Politics of French Guiana

Territories that joined another state

Continent Non-Self-Governing Territory[12] Status[12] Current status Administering state Population Area / km2 Area / mi2 Year of removal[12] See also
Africa Cameroons Trust Territory Northern Cameroons joined with Nigeria

Southern Cameroons joined with Cameroon
Adamawa and Taraba states of Nigeria, Northwest and Southwest provinces of Cameroon  United Kingdom 1961 Politics of Nigeria
Politics of Cameroon
Africa Gold Coast (British colony) British Togoland Trust Territory Joined British Gold Coast to form Ghana Volta, Northern and Upper East Region of Ghana  United Kingdom 1957 Foreign relations of Ghana
Asia Netherlands New Guinea Joined with Indonesia as Irian Jaya Papua and West Papua provinces of Indonesia  Netherlands 420,540 162,371 1963 Act of Free Choice

Territories that have become independent

Continent Non-Self-Governing Territory[12] Status
(Independent as)[12]
Administering state Population Area / km2 Area / mi2 Year of removal[12] See also
Asia  Aden Colony and Protectorate  South Yemen (now part of Yemen)  United Kingdom 285,192 111,013 1967
Asia  French Indochina Vietnam Vietnam  France 1945
Laos Laos  France 1949
Cambodia Cambodia  France 1953
Africa Portugal Portuguese Angola including the enclave of Cabinda Angola Angola  Portugal 1,246,700 481,354 1975
Africa Basutoland  Lesotho  United Kingdom 30,355 12,727 1966
Africa United Kingdom Bechuanaland Protectorate  Botswana  United Kingdom 1966
Africa  Belgian Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo Léopoldville  Belgium 16,610,000[17] 2,344,858 905,355 1960
Africa  British Somaliland _State_of_Somaliland_(Joined_British Somaliland State of Somaliland (Joined  Somalia within a week. The unrecognised Somaliland claims succession to British Somaliland.)  United Kingdom 1960
Africa Spain Fernando Póo and Río Muni  Equatorial Guinea  Spain 28,051 10,828 1968
Africa Cameroon Cameroons Trust Territory  Cameroon  France 1960
Africa Togo French Togoland Trust Territory  Togo  France 1960
Africa  Gambia  The Gambia  United Kingdom 10,380 4,007 1965
Africa  Gold Coast Colony and Protectorate  Ghana  United Kingdom 1957
Africa France French Equatorial Africa  Chad  France 1960
 Gabon  France 1960
(Middle Congo)  Congo (Brazzaville)  France 1960
(Ubangi Shari)  Central African Republic  France 1960
Africa Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) Italian Somaliland Trust Territory  Somalia  Italy 1960
Africa Kenya Colony and Protectorate of Kenya  Kenya  United Kingdom 1963
Africa Morocco French protectorate of Morocco  Morocco  France 1956
Africa Portugal Portuguese Mozambique  Mozambique  Portugal 7,300,000[18] 784,955 303,073 1975
Africa Nigeria British Nigeria  Nigeria  United Kingdom 1960
Africa  Northern Rhodesia  Zambia  United Kingdom 3,545,200[19] 752,618 290,587 1964
Africa  Nyasaland  Malawi  United Kingdom 752,618 290,587 1964
Africa Portuguese Guinea  Guinea-Bissau  Portugal 36,125 13,948 1974
Africa Belgium Ruanda-Urundi Trust Territory  Rwanda
 Burundi
 Belgium 1962
Africa Portugal São Tomé and Príncipe  São Tomé and Príncipe  Portugal 1,001 372 1975
Africa   Sierra Leone  Sierra Leone  United Kingdom 71,740 27,69 1961
Africa France French Somaliland  Djibouti  France 200,000[20] 23,200 8,958 1977
Africa  Southern Rhodesia  Zimbabwe  United Kingdom 6,930,000[21] 390,580 150,804 1980
Africa   Swaziland  Swaziland  United Kingdom 17,364 6,70 1968
Africa  Tanganyika Trust Territory  United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar  United Kingdom 1963
Africa French Tunisia  Tunisia  France 163,610 63,170 1956
Africa Uganda Uganda Protectorate  Uganda  United Kingdom 1962
Africa France French West Africa  Benin
( Dahomey)
 France 1960
(France French Guinea)  Guinea  France 1958
( French Sudan)  Mali  France 1960
 Ivory Coast  France 1960
 Mauritania  France 1960
(FranceNiger colony)  Burkina Faso
( Upper Volta)
 France 1960
 Niger  France 1960
 Senegal  France 1960
Africa South Africa South West Africa Mandate terminated

Independence as Namibia
 South Africa 2,088,669 825,418 318,696 1966

1990
Foreign relations of Namibia
Africa  Zanzibar  United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar  United Kingdom 2,643 1,020.5 1963
Atlantic Ocean  Bahamas  The Bahamas  United Kingdom 13,878 5,358 1973
Atlantic Ocean Portugal Cape Verde Archipelago  Cape Verde  Portugal 4,033 1,557 1975
Middle East  Protectorate of Cyprus  Cyprus  United Kingdom 9,251 3,572 1960
Europe  Malta  Malta  United Kingdom 316 121 1964
Caribbean  Barbados  Barbados  United Kingdom 431 167 1966
Caribbean British Leeward Islands
(Antigua)
 Antigua and Barbuda  United Kingdom 1981
(St. Kitts- Nevis-Anguilla)  St. Kitts and Nevis
(separated from  Anguilla Non-self-governing Territory)
 United Kingdom 1983
Caribbean  Jamaica  Jamaica  United Kingdom 11,100 4,444 1962
Caribbean  Trinidad and Tobago  Trinidad and Tobago  United Kingdom 5,128 1,978 1962
Caribbean British Windward Islands
(Dominica)
 Dominica  United Kingdom 1978
(Grenada)  Grenada  United Kingdom 1974
(St. Lucia)  St. Lucia  United Kingdom 1979
(St. Vincent)  St. Vincent and the Grenadines  United Kingdom 1979
North America  British Honduras  Belize  United Kingdom 145,000[22] 22,966 8,867 1981
Indian Ocean Portugal East Timor  East Timor  Portugal ( –1975)
 Indonesia (1975–1999)
 UN (1999-2002)
688,711[23] 15,007 5,794.2 2002 Politics of East Timor
Indian Ocean  Madagascar and Dependencies  Madagascar  France 1960
 Comoros  France 1975
Indian Ocean  Mauritius  Mauritius  United Kingdom 2,040 787 1968
Indian Ocean Netherlands Netherlands Indies  Indonesia  Netherlands 1949
Indian Ocean  Seychelles  Seychelles  United Kingdom 451 174 1976
Asia Singapore Singapore  Singapore[16]  United Kingdom
 Malaysia
4,608,167 692.7 267.5 1965 Foreign relations of Singapore
Asia  Brunei  Brunei Darussalam  United Kingdom 5,765 2,226 1984
Pacific Ocean Trust Territory of New Guinea  Papua New Guinea  Australia 1975
Pacific Ocean Fiji Fiji Islands  Fiji  United Kingdom 1970
Pacific Ocean  Gilbert and Ellice Islands  Kiribati  United Kingdom 1978
 Tuvalu  United Kingdom 1979
Asia Malayan Union  Federation of Malaya

 Federation of Malaya became  Malaysia[15][16]
 United Kingdom 132,364 51,106 1957



1963
Pacific Ocean  Nauru Trust Territory  Nauru  Australia 21 8.1 1968
Pacific Ocean United KingdomFrance New Hebrides  Vanuatu France Anglo-French Condominium 100,000[24] 12,189 4,706 1980
Pacific Ocean Territory of Papua  Papua New Guinea  Australia 1975
Pacific Ocean  Solomon Islands Protectorate  Solomon Islands  United Kingdom 28,896 11,157 1978
South America  Surinam  Suriname  Netherlands 475,996 163,270 63,038.9 1951 Politics of Suriname
Pacific Ocean  Western Samoa Trust Territory  Western Samoa  New Zealand 1962
South America  British Guiana  Guyana  United Kingdom 1966

See also

References

  1. ^ United Nations Trusteeship Council
  2. ^ "The Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples". United Nations Treaty Collection. http://untreaty.un.org/cod/avl/ha/dicc/dicc.html. Retrieved 18 October 2011. 
  3. ^ "Tokelau wonders 'What have we done wrong?'", Michael Field, AFP, June 2, 2004
  4. ^ "Congratulations Tokelau", National Party press release, October 26, 2007
  5. ^ "Colonialism has no place in today's world," says Secretary General in message to Decolonization Seminar in Indonesia", United Nations press release, May 14, 2008
  6. ^ "Tokelau decolonization high on agenda", New Zealand Herald, May 17, 2008
  7. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2400673.stm
  8. ^ General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV) adopted on the reports of the Sixth Committee
  9. ^ a b c Non-Self-Governing Territories listed by General Assembly of the United Nations
  10. ^ Nomenclature of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
  11. ^ UN General Assembly Resolution 34/37 and UN General Assembly Resolution 35/19
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (1945-2002) listed by General Assembly of the United Nations
  13. ^ Infobox image in "History" section of "About Greenland", English version of the official country government website. Accessed online 2008-09-28, Sunday.
  14. ^ http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2009/06/greenland-takes-over-courts-police.php
  15. ^ a b c See: The UK Statute Law Database: the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom Malaysia Act 1963
  16. ^ a b c d Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (1945-1999) listed by General Assembly of the United Nations.
  17. ^ 1960 estimate
  18. ^ 1967 estimate
  19. ^ 1963 estimate, see: Northern Rhodesia#Demographics
  20. ^ 1963 estimate
  21. ^ 1978 estimate
  22. ^ 1980 estimate, see: British Honduras#Demographics
  23. ^ 1974 estimate, see: Indonesian occupation of East Timor#Number of deaths
  24. ^ 1976 estimate

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