Intrathecal

Intrathecal

Intrathecal is an adjetive that refers to something that happens inside of the spinal canal. For example, intrathecal immunoglobulin production means production of this substance in the spinal cord [Meinl E, Krumbholz M, Derfuss T, Junker A, Hohlfeld R. Compartmentalization of inflammation in the CNS: A major mechanism driving progressive multiple sclerosis, J Neurol Sci. 2008 Aug 18, PMID 18715571] ..

As other example, an intrathecal injection (often simply called "intrathecal") is an injection into the spinal canal (intrathecal space surrounding the spinal cord), as in a spinal anaesthesia or in chemotherapy or pain management applications. This route is also used for some infections, particularly post-neurosurgical. The drug needs to be given this way to avoid the blood brain barrier. The same drug given orally must enter the blood stream and has a much harder time reaching the brain; by the time it does, most of the drug has been absorbed by the body's system and is excreted. Drugs given intrathecally often have to be made up specially by a pharmacist or technician because they cannot contain any preservative or other potentially harmful inactive ingredients that are sometimes found in standard injectable drug preparations.

Intrathecal administration of analgesia:

*Popular for a single 24-hour dose of analgesia (opioid with Local anesthetic)
*Caution because of late onset respiratory depression
*Severe pruritus and urinary retention may limit the use of intrathecal morphine
*Pethidine has the unusual properties of being both a local anaesthetic and opioid analgesic which occasionally permits its use as the sole intrathecal anaesthetic agent.

Intrathecal chemotherapy

*Currently, only three agents are licensed for intrathecal chemotherapy
*They are methotrexate, cytarabine (a.k.a. Ara-C) and hydrocortisone
*Administration of other chemotherapeutic agents with the intrathecal route could lead to fatal outcomes.

Intrathecal Baclofen

Often reserved for spastic cerebral palsy, intrathecally-administered baclofen is done through a intrathecal pump implanted just below the skin of the stomach with a tube connected directly to the base of the spine, where it bathes the appropriate nerves using a dose about one thousand times smaller than that required by orally-administered baclofen. Intrathecal baclofen also carries none of the side effects, such as sleepiness, that typically occur with oral baclofen. It is the preferred route for long-term management of spasticity in people with CP for whom other procedures, such as rhizotomy or orthopedic surgery, are inappropriate.

References

ee also

* Subarachnoid


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • intrathecal — 1. Within a sheath. 2. Within either the subarachnoid or the subdural space. * * * in·tra·the·cal thē kəl adj introduced into or occurring in the space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain or spinal cord <intrathecal chemotherapy and… …   Medical dictionary

  • intrathecal — adjective Date: 1887 introduced into or occurring in the space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain or spinal cord < intrathecal drugs > • intrathecally adverb …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • intrathecal — adjective Delivered into the spinal canal (intrathecal space surrounding the spinal cord), e.g. a spinal anaesthesia …   Wiktionary

  • intrathecal — adj. 1) within the meninges of the spinal cord. An intrathecal injection is made into the meninges. 2) within a sheath, e.g. a nerve sheath …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • Intrathecal pump — An intrathecal pump is a medical device used to deliver very small quantities of medications directly to the spinal fluid of a human being. Medications such as baclofen, morphine, or ziconotide may be delivered in this manner to minimize the side …   Wikipedia

  • intrathecal use — leisti į povoratinklinę ertmę statusas Aprobuotas sritis vaistų vartojimo būdai apibrėžtis Nurodymas vaistinį preparatą švirkšti, lėtai leisti ar lašinti per kietąjį smegenų dangalą į povoratinklinę ertmę. atitikmenys: angl. intrathecal use vok.… …   Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)

  • intrathecal — [ˌɪntrə θi:k(ə)l] adjective Medicine occurring within or administered into the spinal theca. Derivatives intrathecally adverb …   English new terms dictionary

  • intrathecal — in·tra·thecal …   English syllables

  • intrathecal — Describes the fluid filled space between the thin layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord. Drugs can be injected into the fluid or a sample of the fluid can be removed for testing …   English dictionary of cancer terms

  • intrathecal — …   Useful english dictionary

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