Lost City (hydrothermal field)

Lost City (hydrothermal field)

Lost City is a field of hydrothermal vents in the mid-Atlantic ocean that differ significantly from the black smoker vents found in the late 1970s. The vents were discovered in December 2000 during a National Science Foundation expedition to the mid-Atlantic. A second expedition mounted in 2003 used DSV "Alvin" to explore the vents. The details of the chemistry and biology of the Lost City hydrothermal field were published in March 2005.

The vents are located on the seafloor mountain Atlantis Massif, where reactions between seawater and upper mantle peridotite produce methane- and hydrogen-rich fluids that are highly alkaline (pH 9 to 11) , with temperatures ranging from <40° to 90° C. There is a field of about 30 chimneys made of calcium carbonate 30 to 60 meters tall, with a number of smaller chimneys.

Lost City vents release methane and hydrogen into the surrounding water; they do not produce significant amounts of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide or metals, which are the major outputs of volcanic black smoker vents. The temperature and pH of water surrounding the two types of vent is also significantly different. Strontium, carbon, and oxygen isotope data and radiocarbon ages document at least 30,000 years of hydrothermal activity driven by serpentinization reactions at Lost City, making the Lost City older than known black smoker vents by at least two orders of magnitude. Correspondingly Lost City and black smoker vents support vastly different lifeforms.

The Lost City supports a variety of small invertebrates associated with the carbonate structures, including snails, bivalves, polychaetes, amphipods, and ostracods. Large animals, however, such as tube worms and giant clams that are abundant in typical black smoker vents are absent at Lost City. A variety of microorganisms live in, on, and around the vents. "Methanosarcinales"-like archaea form thick biofilms inside the vents where they subsist on hydrogen and methane; bacteria related to the Firmicutes also live inside the vents. External to the vents archaea, including the newly described ANME-1 and bacteria including proteobacteria oxidise methane and sulfur as their primary source of energy.

Lost City provides geologists, chemists and biologists a working ecosystem for the study of life and other processes driven by abiotic serpentinization production of methane and hydrogen.

Lost City was featured in the Disney 3D IMAX film "Aliens of the Deep".

References

*Boetius, A. 2005. Lost City Life. "Science", 307(5714): 1420-1422
*EurekAlert! " [http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-03/uow-ham030105.php Hydrogen and methane provide raw energy for life at 'Lost City'] ", March 3, 2005
*Früh-Green, G.L. 2003. 30,000 Years of Hydrothermal Activity at the Lost City Vent Field. "Science", 301(5632):495-498
*Kelly, S. et al. 2005. A Serpentinite-Hosted Ecosystem: The Lost City Hydrothermal Field. "Science", 307(5714):1428-1434
*Proskurowski, Giora et al. 2008 [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/319/5863/604 Abiogenic Hydrocarbon Production at Lost City Hydrothermal Field.] "Science", 319(5863) 604-607

External links

* [http://www.lostcity.washington.edu/ University of Washington, Lost City Expedition]
* [http://lostcity.jason.org/ JASON, Lost City Expedition]
* [http://www.whoi.edu/institutes/doei/viewTopic.do?o=read&id=119 Hydrothermal Vent Systems Information from the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute] , Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Lost City (Hydrothermalquelle) — Lost City ist der Name eines Gebietes von heißen Quellen, oder hydrothermalen Schloten im Atlantis Massiv, einem untermeerischen Gebirge im mittleren Atlantik. Kalkschlot in Lost City Dieses Massiv ist ein Teil des Mittelatlantischen Rückens, dem …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Lost city (disambiguation) — In the popular imagination, a lost city is a real, once prosperous and well populated area of human habitation that fell into terminal decline and whose location was later lost.Lost City may also refer to: * Lost City (hydrothermal field), a… …   Wikipedia

  • Hydrothermal vent — Marine habitats White smokers emitting liquid carbon dioxide at the Champagne vent, Northwest Eifuku volcano, Marianas Trench Marine National Monument Littoral zone …   Wikipedia

  • Mont hydrothermal — Une cheminée hydrothermale dans l océan Atlantique Les monts hydrothermaux, cheminées hydrothermales, sources hydrothermales ou fumeurs, sont des évents hydrothermaux situés à proximité des dorsales océaniques. Ils sont une conséquence des… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Ciudad Perdida (campo hidrotermal) — «Lost City» redirige aquí. Para el lugar designado por el censo en Oklahoma, véase Lost City (Oklahoma). Formación calcárea en la Ciudad Perdida, fotografía tomada en la expedición del buque okeanos explorer . Ciudad perdida o Lost City es un… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Earth Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Geology and Geochemistry       The theme of the 33rd International Geological Congress, which was held in Norway in August 2008, was “Earth System Science: Foundation for Sustainable Development.” It was attended by nearly… …   Universalium

  • Abiogenic petroleum origin — is a largely abandoned hypothesis that was proposed as an alternative to theory of biological petroleum origin. It was relatively popular in the past, but it went largely forgotten at the end of the 20th century after it failed to predict the… …   Wikipedia

  • Black smoker — A black smoker or sea vent, is a type of hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. They are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below Earth s crust comes through the ocean floor. This water is rich in dissolved… …   Wikipedia

  • Serpentinite — is a rock composed of one or more serpentine minerals. Minerals in this group are formed by serpentinization, a hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth s mantle. The alteration is particularly important at the… …   Wikipedia

  • Outer trench swell — The outer trench swell, outer trench high, or outer rise is a subtle ridge on the seafloor near an oceanic trench, where a descending plate begins to flex and fault in preparation for its descent into the mantle at a subduction zone. The… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”