- Stefan Lazarević
-
Stefan Lazarević Despot of Serbia
Fresco of Stefan Lazarević from Manasija monasteryReign Knez (1389–1402)
Despot (1402–1427)Born 1374 Birthplace Kruševac Died 1427 Place of death Glava Buried Manasija Monastery Predecessor Lazar of Serbia Successor Đurađ Branković Royal House House of Lazarević Father Lazar of Serbia Mother Princess Milica of Serbia Stefan Lazarević (Serbian: Стефан Лазаревић) known also as Stevan the Tall (Стеван Високи, l. 1374 – 19 July 1427) was a Serbian Despot, ruler of the Serbian Despotate between 1389 and 1427. He was the son and heir to Prince Lazar, who died at the Battle of Kosovo against the Turks in 1389, and Princess Milica from the subordinate branch of the Nemanjić dynasty. His sister, Princess Olivera Despina, married the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I, his brother-in-law, with whom he sided in a number of battles. Despot Stefan was a poet and a moderniser. His reign and his personal literary works are sometimes associated with early signs of the Renaissance in Serbian lands. He introduced knightly tournaments, modern battle tactics, and firearms to Serbia.[1]
Contents
Life
Stefan was the son of Prince Lazar, whom he succeeded in 1389. He participated as an Ottoman vassal in the Battle of Rovine in 1395, the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, and in the Battle of Ankara in 1402. He became the Despot of Serbia in 1402 after the Ottoman state temporarily collapsed following Timur's invasion of Anatolia with the Battle of Ankara, and in 1403 proclaimed Belgrade his capital. He built a fortress with a citadel which was destroyed during the Great Turkish War in 1690; only the Despot Stefan Tower remains today.[1]
Stefan II became an ally of the Kingdom of Hungary and a knight of a special order, so when the Hungarian king Sigismund renewed the Order of the Dragon (Societas draconistrarum) in 1408, Despot Stefan Lazarević was the first on the list of members. In 1404, Sigismund gave Lazarević land in the present-day Vojvodina (and Pannonian part of present-day Belgrade), including Zemun (today part of Belgrade), Slankamen, Kupinik, Mitrovica, Bečej, and Veliki Bečkerek. In 1417, Apatin is also mentioned among his possessions. Under his rule, he issued a Code of Mines in 1412 in Novo Brdo, the economic center of Serbia. In his legacy, Resava-Manasija monastery (Pomoravlje District), he organized the Resava School, a center for correcting, translating, and transcribing books.[1]
Stefan Lazarević died suddenly in 1427, leaving the throne to his nephew Đurađ Branković. His deeds eventually elevated him into sainthood, and the Serbian Orthodox Church honors him on August 1. Despot Stefan is buried in the monastery Koporin which he had built in 1402., as he did the bigger and more famous Manasija monastery in 1407.. In fact, Manasija was intended as his own burial place, but due to a sudden nature of his death in perilous times it was his brother Vuk that is buried there.[1]
Apart from the biographical notes in charters and especially in the Code on The Mine Novo Brdo (1412)
Stefan Lazarević wrote three original literary works:
- The Grave Sobbing for prince Lazar (1389)
- The Inscription on the Kosovo Marble Column (1404)
- A Homage to Love (1409), a poetic epistle to his brother Vuk.[1]
Marriage
In 1405, Stefan married Helena Gattilusio. She was a daughter of Francesco II of Lesbos and Valentina Doria. They had no known children.[1]
Gallery
-
Lazarević dynasty coat of arms
-
Despot Stefan Lazarević Memorial in the courtyard of a church in Crkvine, Mladenovac
Stefan LazarevićBorn: circa 1372/77 Died: 19 July 1427Regnal titles Preceded by
Lazar of SerbiaSerbian Knez
1389–1402Vacant Title next held byĐurađ BrankovićNew creation Serbian Despot
1402–1427See also
References
External links
- Despot Stefan Lazarević, a fresco from the monastery of Manasija from the year 1418
- His listing in "Medieval lands" by Charles Cawley. The project "involves extracting and analysing detailed information from primary sources, including contemporary chronicles, cartularies, necrologies and testaments."
Further Lecture
- Constantine the Philosopher wrote a biography to Stefan in ~1431. Constantine was a Bulgarian scholar who following his arrival in Serbia in 1411, made a career for himself at Stefan's court.
- Fine, John V.A. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1987.
Monarchs of Serbia 1st Serbian Principality 641–969 Unknown Archont · Višeslav · Radoslav · Prosigoj · Vlastimir · Mutimir · Pribislav · Petar · Pavle · Zaharija · Časlav · annexation, Duklja emerging as seat2nd Serbian Principality
(Duklja)998–1101 Jovan Vladimir · Stefan Vojislav · Mihailo I · Constantine Bodin · Rascia re-emerging as seat (Grand Principality of Serbia)Serbian Grand Principality 1101–1217Vukan · Uroš I · Uroš II · Beloš · Desa · Tihomir · Stefan Nemanja · Stefan II · Proclamation of KingdomSerbian Kingdom 1217–1346Stefan II · Stefan Radoslav · Stefan Vladislav I · Stefan Uroš I · Stefan Dragutin ( · Stefan Vladislav II at Syrmia) · Stefan Uroš II Milutin · Stefan Konstantin · Stefan Uroš III Dečanski · Stefan Uroš IV Dušan · Proclamation of EmpireSerbian Empire 1346–1371Serbian Lordship and Despotate 1371–1537Lazar · Stefan Lazarević · Đurađ Branković · Lazar Branković · Stefan Branković · Stefan Tomašević · Ottoman annexation, titular: · Vuk Grgurević · Đorđe Branković · Jovan Branković · Ivaniš Berislavić · Stevan Berislavić · Radič Božić · Pavle Bakić · Stefan Štiljanović · Ottoman annexationRevolutionary Serbia 1804–1837Principality of Serbia 1837–1882Miloš I · Milan II · Mihailo III · Aleksandar · Miloš I · Mihailo III · Milan IV · Proclamation of KingdomKingdom of Serbia 1882–1918Milan I · Alexander · Petar I · Proclamation of Kingdom of Yugoslavia · Proclamation of SFR YugoslaviaSerbian Orthodox Church Serbian Orthodox Church overview topics Overview topics See also Subdivisions of the Serbian Orthodox Church Metropolitanates Belgrade and Karlovci · Dabar-Bosnia · Montenegro and the Littoral · New Gracanica - Midwestern America · Zagreb and LjubljanaTraditional dioceses Bačka · Banat · Banja Luka · Bihać and Petrovac · Braničevo · Buda · Budimlje and Nikšić · Dalmatia · Upper Karlovac · Mileševa · Niš · Osečko polje and Baranja · Raška and Prizren · Šabac and Valjevo · Slavonia · Srem · Šumadija · Timişoara · Timok · Vranje · Zahumlje and Herzegovina · Žiča · Zvornik and TuzlaDiaspora dioceses Ohrid Archbishopric MetropolitanatesSkopjeDiocesesPrespa and Pelagonija · Bregalnica · Debar and Kičevo · Polog and Kumanovo · Veles and Povardarie · StrumicaSpiritual leaders of the Serbian Orthodox Church Archbishops (1219–1337) St. Sava · St. Arsenije I Sremac · St. Sava II · Danilo I · Joanikije I · St. Jevstatije I · St. Jakov · St. Jevstatije II · St. Sava III · St. Nikodim I · St. Danilo IIPatriarchs (since 1346) 1346–1463St. Joanikije II · Sava IV · St. Jefrem · St. Spiridon · Danilo III · Sava V · Danilo IV · St. Kirilo · St. Nikon · Teofan · Nikodim II · Arsenije II1557–1766St. Makarije Sokolović · Antonije Sokolović · Gerasim Sokolović · Savatije Sokolović · Nikanor · Jerotej · Filip · Jovan · Pajsije I Janjevac · St. Gavrilo I Rajić · Maksim Skopljanac · Arsenije III Čarnojević · Kalinik I Skopljanac · Atanasije I · Mojsije Rajović · Arsenije IV Jovanović Šakabenta · Joanikije III Karadža-Grk · Atanasije II Gavrilović · Gavrilo II Sarajevac · Gavrilo III · Vikentije Stefanović · Pajsije II Grk · Gavrilo IV Grk · Kirilo II · Vasilije Jovanović-Brkić · Kalinik II Grksince 1920Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Karlovci (1690–1920) Arsenije III Čarnojević · Isaija Đaković · Sofronije Podgoričanin · Vikentije Popović · Mojsije Petrović · Vićentije Jovanović · Arsenije IV Jovanović Šakabenta · Isaija Antonović · Pavle Nenadović · Jovan Đorđević · Vićentije Jovanović Vidak · Mojisije Putnik · Stefan Stratimirović · Stefan Stanković · Josif Rajačić · Samuilo Maširević · Prokopije Ivačković · German Anđelić · Georgije Branković · Lukijan BogdanovićMetropolitans of Belgrade (1801–1920) Leontije Lambrović · Agatanel · Antim · Melentije Pavlović · Petar Jovanović · Mihailo Jovanović · Teodosije Mraović · Inokentije Pavlović · Dimitrije PavlovićMetropolitans of Montenegro (1484–1920) Visarion · Vavila · Roman · German · Romu · Vasilije · Makarije · Dionisije · Romil · Pahomije · Đerasim · Venijamin · Stefan · Rufim I · Mardarije · Pajsije · Rufim II · Visarion Borilović-Bajica · Sava Očinić · Danilo · Sava · Vasilije · Arsenije Plamenac · Petar I · Petar II · Danilo II · Nikanor Ivanović · Ilarion Roganović · Visarion Ljubiša · Mitrofan BanSerbian Orthodox monasteries Serbia Bukovo · Ćelije · Crna Reka · Đurđevi stupovi · Gornjak · Gradac · Kalenić · Kastaljan · Koporin · Ljubostinja · Manasija · Mileševa · Nimnik · Pokajnica · Prohor Pčinjski · Pustinja · Rača · Rajinovac · Ravanica · Rukumija · St. Nicholas · Sopoćani · Studenica · Suvodol · Tronoša · Tuman · Vitovnica · Zemun · ŽičaBeočin · Bešenovo · Divša · Grgeteg · Jazak · Krušedol · Kuveždin · Mala Remeta · Novo Hopovo · Privina Glava · Petkovica · Rakovac · Staro Hopovo · Šišatovac · Velika Remeta · Vrdnik-RavanicaOthersMontenegro Bosnia and Herzegovina Bišnja · Dobrićevo · Dobrun · Duži · Glogovac · Gomionica · Hercegovačka Gračanica · Klisina · Knežina · Krupa · Liplje · Lomnica · Lovnica · Moštanica · Ozren · Papraća · Petropavlov · Sase · Stuplje · Svetog Arhangela Gavrila · Svetog Nikole · Svetog Vasilija Ostroškog · Tavna · Tvrdoš · Uspenja BogorodičinogCroatia Others Serbian Orthodox churches Belgrade Central Serbia Saint Achillius Church · Church of Peter · Pećinska church
Vojvodina Kosovo Montenegro Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Lord · St. Petka's ChurchUnited States Saints Constantine and Helen Serbian Orthodox Church
Serbian saints St. Angelina · St. Basil of Ostrog · St. Danilo II · St. Hélène d'Anjou · St. Jovan Vladimir · St. Prince Lazar / St. Princess Milica · St. Nikodim I · St. Nikolaj Velimirović · St. Peter of Cetinje · St. Sava · St. Sava II · St. Simeon the Monk · St. Simeon the Myrrh-flowing · St. Stefan Lazarević · St. Stefan Štiljanović · St. Stefan Uroš · St. Stephen of Dečani · St. Stefan the Blind · St. Stephen of Piperi · St. Vladislav · St. Vukašin
Categories:- 1374 births
- 1427 deaths
- 15th-century Serbian monarchs
- Despots of Serbia
- House of Lazarević
- People from Kruševac
- Serbian writers
- Serbian poets
- Serbian saints
- Christian writers
- Orthodox monarchs
- History of Vojvodina
- Christians of the Crusade of Nicopolis
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.