Hunayn ibn Ishaq

Hunayn ibn Ishaq

Hunayn ibn Ishaq ( _sy. Hunein Bit Ishak, _ar. أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي, "transl|ar|’Abū Zayd Ḥunayn ibn ’Isḥāq al-‘Ibādī"; known in Latin as Johannitius (809-873) was a famous and influential Assyrian scholar, physician, and scientist, known for his work in translating scientific and medical works in Greek into Arabic. Although Arabic historical sources refer to him as an Arab [Ibn Sina. "The Canon of Medicine". p. 1297.
"حنين بن إسحاق هو أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي والعباد بالفتح قبائل شتى من بطون العرب اجتمعوا على النصرانية بالحيرة" which can be translated as "Hunayn ibn Ishaq, His name is Abu Zayd Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi, from one of the Arab tribes that lived in Hira and embraced Christianity".
] [Ibn Khallikan. "Wafyat al-Ayan. ". p. 64. [http://www.alwaraq.com/ Al-Waraq] 's edition.] [Ibn Abi Osaybe'a. "Oyun al-Anba Fee Tabaqat al-Atteba". p. 168. [http://www.alwaraq.com/ Al-Waraq] 's edition.] , as well as some modern sources [Lynn Thorndike. History of Magic and Experimental Science Vol. 4 Page 756. Kessinger Publishing. 1923.
"...Hunayn ibn Ishaq, a Christian Arab who died in 873..."
] [ [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9041525 "Hunayn ibn Ishaq." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2 Feb. 2007] .] [Dates in Medicine: A Chronological Record of Medical Progress Over Three Millennia By Anton Sebastian,Page 6] [ [http://www.manuscriptcenter.org/history/Researches/Gotthard_Strohmaier.doc Gotthard Strohmaier. "Galen's Commentary on Hippocrates' Airs, Waters and Places".] (Word File). ] , other modern sources refer to him as Assyrian [ [http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?
]
] .

Biography

Hunein was born in Al-Hira, near Kufa, the son of a Nestorian pharmacist. As a young man, Hunayn went to Baghdad where he enrolled in a medical school under the direction of Masawaiyh. Hunein learned Greek and began privately to translate Greek medical texts into Arabic. In 830, he was put in charge of the "Bayt al Hikmah" (House of Wisdom), a college of scholars supported by the Abbasids for the purpose of translating Greek texts. He translated many treatises of Galen and the Galenic school into Syriac, and thirty-nine into Arabic; through his renderings some important works of Galen escaped destruction. Hunayn also translated Aristotle's "Categories," "Physics," and "Magna Moralia"; Plato’s "Republic," "Timaeus," and "Laws"; Hippocrates’ "Aphorisms," Dioscorides’ "Materia Medica," Ptolemy's quadri-partition, and the "Old Testament" from the Septuagint Greek.

In addition to his work of translation, he wrote treatises on general medicine and various specific topics, including a series of works on the eye which remained influential until the fifteenth century.

Later medieval sources knew him by the Latinized name, Joannitius. His son Ishaq ibn Hunayn helped him with his translations and wrote other books by himself.

Work

Ishaq was considered one of the best translators of his time. Bilingual from his childhood in Arabic and Syriac, he was considered a better translator, since he considered more than one text.Fact|date=June 2008Fact|date=June 2008 In this manner Hunain translated several Greek works on the sciences, mostly dealing with medicine and philosophy. He is also credited with an Arabic Old Testament, and trained many translators of the House of Wisdom later responsible the better translations of the time. [Lindberg 57] Hunain describes his work as follows, on his collation of multiple texts of "De methodo medendi":

“For the first six books only a single manuscript, and besides that a very faulty one, was at my disposal at the time. I was therefore unable to produce these books in the manner required. Later I came across another manuscript and collated the text with it and corrected it as much as possible. It would be better if I could collate a third manuscript with it if only I were fortunate enough to find one.”Fact|date=June 2008

Hunayn and the Caliph

Hunayn is also famous for his ethics as a physician. Supposedly Caliph Al-Mutawakkil decided to test Hunayn by offering him a large sum to create a poison to use against an enemy; when Hunayn put him off, he offered him more money. Hunayn then lectured him that it was against his professional ethics to harm rather than heal. Al-Mutawakil had Hunayn imprisoned, and threatened to execute him for his defiance. When Hunayn still refused, Al-Mutawakil had him released from prison and richly rewarded for his ethical behavior and integrity.

ee also

*List of Arab scientists and scholars

Notes

References

* [http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/3/09.pdf A brief introduction to Hunayn bin Ishaq]
*O'Leary, De Lacy (1948) "How Greek science passed to the Arabs" Routledge and K. Paul, London;

External links

* [http://www.nestorian.org/hunein_ibn_ishak.html Aprim, Fred "Hunein Ibn Ishak - (809-873 or 877)"] ;

]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Hunayn Ibn Ishaq — (حُنَين بن إسحق) ou Abou Zayd Hunayn ibn Ishaq al Ibadi (809 873) était un médecin, un scientifique syriaque, de religion chrétienne, connu pour ses traductions du grec vers l arabe et l araméen (sa langue maternelle). Il était surnommé… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Hunayn ibn Ishaq — (حُنَين بن إسحق) ou Abou Zayd Hunayn ibn Ishaq al Ibadi (809 873) était un médecin de religion chrétienne nestorienne, connu pour ses traductions du grec vers le syriaque, la langue de culture de sa communauté religieuse et l arabe. Il était… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Hunayn ibn ishaq — (حُنَين بن إسحق) ou Abou Zayd Hunayn ibn Ishaq al Ibadi (809 873) était un médecin, un scientifique syriaque, de religion chrétienne, connu pour ses traductions du grec vers l arabe et l araméen (sa langue maternelle). Il était surnommé… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Hunayn ibn Ishaq — Abū Zayd Hunayn ibn Ishāq al ʿIbādī (arabisch ‏أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي‎, DMG Abū Zaid Ḥunain b. Isḥāq al ʿIbādī; * 808 in al Hīra; † 873 in Bagdad) war ein christlich arabischer Gelehrter und Übersetzer. Sein latinisierter Name lautet… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Hunayn ibn Ishaq — Manuscrito iluminado de Hunayn ibn Ishaq Hunain Ibn Ishaq (809 873) fue un escritor, traductor y médico árabe, director de la Escuela de Traductores de Bagdad. Su obra maestra es el Kitab adab al falasifa, del que no se tienen muchos datos,… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq — ▪ Arab scholar in full  Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq al Ibādī , Latin name  Johannitius   born 808, al Ḥīrah, near Baghdad, Iraq died 873, Baghdad       Arab scholar whose translations of Plato, Aristotle, Galen, Hippocrates, and the Neoplatonists made… …   Universalium

  • Hunayn Ibn Ishak — Hunayn ibn Ishaq Hunayn ibn Ishaq (حُنَين بن إسحق) ou Abou Zayd Hunayn ibn Ishaq al Ibadi (809 873) était un médecin, un scientifique syriaque, de religion chrétienne, connu pour ses traductions du grec vers l arabe et l araméen (sa langue… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Hunayn ibn Ishâk — Hunayn ibn Ishaq Hunayn ibn Ishaq (حُنَين بن إسحق) ou Abou Zayd Hunayn ibn Ishaq al Ibadi (809 873) était un médecin, un scientifique syriaque, de religion chrétienne, connu pour ses traductions du grec vers l arabe et l araméen (sa langue… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Hunayn ibn Ishâk al Ibadi — Hunayn ibn Ishaq Hunayn ibn Ishaq (حُنَين بن إسحق) ou Abou Zayd Hunayn ibn Ishaq al Ibadi (809 873) était un médecin, un scientifique syriaque, de religion chrétienne, connu pour ses traductions du grec vers l arabe et l araméen (sa langue… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Ibn Abi Sadiq — Ibn Abi Sadiq, Abu al Qasim ‘Abd al Rahman ibn ‘Ali was an 11th century Persian physician from Khorasan, now Afghanistan and Iran.He was said by some medieval biographical sources to have been a pupil of Avicenna s. The direct association with… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”