Weft

Weft

In weaving, weft or woof is the yarn which is drawn under and over parallel warp yarns to create a fabric. In North America, it is sometimes referred to as the "fill" or the "filling yarn", and in India, it is referred to as "baana".

The weft is a thread or yarn of spun fibre. The original fibre was wool, flax or cotton. Nowadays, many synthetic fibers are used in weaving. Because the weft does not have to be stretched in the way that the warp is, it can generally be less strong.

The weft is threaded through the warp using a shuttle. Hand looms were the original weaver's tool, with the shuttle being threaded through alternately raised warps by hand. Inventions during the 18th century spurred the Industrial Revolution, and the hand loom became the more robust spinning frame with the flying shuttle speeding up production of cloth, and then the water frame using water power to automate the weaving process. The power loom followed in the 19th century, when steam power was harnessed.

In modern usage, "weft" is a hairdressing term for temporary hair extensions which are glued into a person's hair.

Etymology

The words "woof" and "weft" derive ultimately from the Old English word "wefan", "to weave". It has given rise to the expression "woof and warp", meaning literally a fabric (the warp being the lengthwise threads, under and over which the side to side threads—the woof—are woven). The expression is used as a metaphor for the underlying structure on which something is built.

Metaphorical use

The expression "woof and warp" (or "warp and woof") is sometimes used metaphorically as one might similarly use "fabric"; e.g., "the warp and woof of a student's life" = "the fabric of a student's life."


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  • Weft — Weft, n. [Cf. {Waif}.] A thing waved, waived, or cast away; a waif. [Obs.] A forlorn weft. Spenser. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Weft — Weft, n. [AS. weft, wefta, fr. wefan, to weave. See {Weave}.] [1913 Webster] 1. The woof of cloth; the threads that cross the warp from selvage to selvage; the thread carried by the shuttle in weaving. [1913 Webster] 2. A web; a thing woven.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • weft — [weft] n [: Old English;] the weft technical the threads in a piece of cloth that are woven across the threads that go from top to bottom = ↑woof →↑warp …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • Weft — Weft, obs. imp. & p. p. of {Wave}. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Weft — das; [e]s, e <aus gleichbed. engl. weft zu altengl. wefan »weben«> Schussgarn aus harter engl. Cheviotwolle (vgl. ↑Cheviot) …   Das große Fremdwörterbuch

  • weft — [ weft ] noun singular the fibers that lie across a piece of cloth when it is woven. The fibers that run down the cloth are called the warp …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • weft — O.E. weft, wefta, from wefan to weave (see WEAVE (Cf. weave)) …   Etymology dictionary

  • weft — [weft] n. [ME < OE < base of wefan, to WEAVE] the yarns carried by the shuttle back and forth across the warp in weaving; woof; filling …   English World dictionary

  • Weft — Weft, baumwollenes Einschlaggarn …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Weft — (engl.), Einschlaggarn; auch harte Kammgarne …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • weft — /weft/, n. 1. Textiles. filling (def. 5). 2. a woven fabric or garment. [bef. 900; ME, OE; akin to WEAVE] * * * …   Universalium

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