Gabby Hartnett

Gabby Hartnett
Gabby Hartnett

Catcher
Born: December 20, 1900(1900-12-20)
Woonsocket, Rhode Island
Died: December 20, 1972(1972-12-20) (aged 72)
Park Ridge, Illinois
Batted: Right Threw: Right 
MLB debut
April 12, 1922 for the Chicago Cubs
Last MLB appearance
September 24, 1941 for the New York Giants
Career statistics
Batting average     .297
Home runs     236
Runs batted in     1,179
Teams

As player

As manager

Career highlights and awards
Member of the National
Empty Star.svg Empty Star.svg Empty Star.svg Baseball Hall of Fame Empty Star.svg Empty Star.svg Empty Star.svg
Induction     1955
Vote     77.69% (eleventh ballot)

Charles Leo "Gabby" Hartnett (December 20, 1900 - December 20, 1972) was an American professional baseball player and manager.[1] He played almost his entire career in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Chicago Cubs. Until the career of Johnny Bench, Hartnett was considered the greatest catcher in the history of the National League.[2][3] A six-time All-Star known for his powerful hitting, superb defensive abilities and strong throwing arm, he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1955.[4]

Contents

Baseball career

Hartnett was born in Woonsocket, Rhode Island as the oldest of 14 children.[2] He grew up in the nearby small town of Millville, Massachusetts, where he played baseball in the Blackstone Valley League.[5] He began his professional baseball career at the age of 20 with the Worcester Boosters of the Eastern League in 1921.[6] New York Giants manager, John McGraw, sent scout Jesse Burkett to appraise Hartnett's talent as a player.[7] Burkett reported back to McGraw that Hartnett's hands were too small for a major league catcher.[7] The Giants' loss would prove to be the Chicago Cubs' gain.

Hartnett joined the Cubs in 1922, serving as a backup catcher to Bob O'Farrell.[1] He was given his ironic nickname of "Gabby" as a rookie due to his shy, reticient nature.[8] When O'Farrell was injured during the 1924 season, Hartnett took over, posting a .299 batting average along with 16 home runs and 67 runs batted in.[1] After the retirement of catcher Bill Killefer, Hartnett became the favorite catcher of Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher, Grover Cleveland Alexander and, caught Alexander's 300th career win on September 20, 1924.[9] Hartnett played well enough during O'Farrell's absence that, the Cubs decided to keep him as their starting catcher, trading O'Farrell to the St. Louis Cardinals in May 1925.[10][11]

Hartnett hit 24 home runs in 1925, setting a single-season home run record for catchers and, finished second overall in the National League behind the 39 home runs hit by Rogers Hornsby.[12][13] Although he led National League catchers in errors, he also led in range factor and in putouts, while his strong throwing arm helped him lead the league in assists, and in caught stealing percentage.[14] Leo Durocher, who played against Hartnett and was a National League manager during Johnny Bench's career, stated that the two catchers had similarly strong throwing arms.[15] During the major league baseball winter meetings in December 1925, it was rumored that Hartnett might be traded to the New York Giants for catcher Frank Snyder and Irish Meusel however, Cubs president Bill Veeck, Sr., squelched the rumors saying that Hartnett would not be traded for anybody.[16]

Hartnett proved himself an excellent backstop through the 1920s; although he was often injured.[5] In 1929, a mysterious arm ailment limited him to one game behind the plate and 24 games as a pinch hitter as the Cubs won the National League pennant.[5] Hartnett struck out in all three of his at bats in the 1929 World Series against the Philadelphia Athletics.[8][17] He rebounded with his best season in 1930, hitting for a .339 batting average with career highs of 122 runs batted in, a .630 slugging percentage and 37 home runs, breaking his own single-season home run record for catchers.[1][12] He led all National League catchers in putouts, assists, fielding percentage and in baserunners caught stealing.[18]

During an exhibition game against the Chicago White Sox on September 9, 1931, Hartnett was photographed while signing an autograph for gangster, Al Capone.[19] After the photograph was published in newspapers across the United States, Hartnett received a telegram from Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis instructing him not to have his photograph taken with Capone in the future.[19] Hartnett replied with a telegram to the Commissioner whimsically stating, "OK, but if you don't want me to have my picture taken with Al Capone, you tell him."[19]

In 1932, Hartnett guided the Cubs' pitching staff to the lowest team earned run average in the league, as the Cubs clinched the National League pennant by 4 games over the Pittsburgh Pirates.[20] Hartnett was the Cubs' catcher on October 1, in Game 3 of the 1932 World Series against the New York Yankees when, Babe Ruth hit his infamous Called Shot.[15] Although he hit for a .313 batting average with 1 home run, the Yankees went on to win the series in a four-game sweep.[21]

In 1933, Hartnett was selected to be a reserve catcher for the National League team in the inaugural Major League Baseball All-Star Game held on July 6, 1933.[22] It would mark the first of six consecutive All-Star game selections for Hartnett.[1] At the mid-season point of the 1934 season, Hartnett was hitting for a .336 batting average with 13 home runs to earn the starting catcher's role for the National League team in the 1934 All-Star Game.[23][24] Hartnett was calling the pitches for Carl Hubbell in the 1934 All-Star Game when he set a record by striking out future Hall of Fame members Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Al Simmons, and Joe Cronin in succession.[15]

Hartnett had another impressive season in 1935 when he produced a .344 batting average, third highest in the league and, led the league's catchers in assists, double plays, and fielding percentage.[1][25] He also led the Cubs pitching staff to the lowest earned run average in the league as they won the National League pennant by 4 games over the St. Louis Cardinals.[26] For his performance, Hartnett was named the recipient of the 1935 National League Most Valuable Player Award.[27] The Cubs would eventually lose to the Detroit Tigers led by Mickey Cochrane in the 1935 World Series.[28]

In the 1937 All-Star Game, pitcher Dizzy Dean kept shaking off Hartnett's signs for a curve ball resulting in a hit by Joe DiMaggio, a home run by Lou Gehrig and finally, a line drive off the bat of Earl Averill that struck Dean on his toe.[29] Dean had been one of the preeminent pitchers in the National League until the injury to his toe eventually led to the end of his baseball playing career.[15] Hartnett ended the 1937 season with a career-high .354 batting average and, finished second to Joe Medwick in voting for the National League Most Valuable Player Award.[1][30] His .354 batting average in 1937 was the highest batting average by a major league catcher for 60 years until 1997 when, Mike Piazza posted a .362 average.[31][32]

Homer in the Gloamin'

On July 20, 1938, Cubs owner Philip K. Wrigley named the 37 year old Hartnett as the team's player-manager, replacing Charlie Grimm.[33] When Hartnett took over as manager, the Cubs had been in third place, six games behind the first place Pittsburgh Pirates led by Pie Traynor.[34] By September 27, with one week left in the season, the Cubs had battled back to within a game and a half game of the Pirates in the National League standings as the two teams met for a crucial three-game series.[34] The Cubs won the first game of the series with a 2 to 1 victory by Cubs pitcher Dizzy Dean, cutting the Pirates' lead to a half game and, setting the stage for one of baseball's most memorable moments.[35]

On September 28, 1938, the two teams met for the second game of the series where, Hartnett experienced the highlight of his career. With darkness descending on the lightless Wrigley Field and the score tied at 5 runs apiece, the umpires ruled that the ninth inning would be the last to be played. The entire game would have to be replayed the following day if the score remained tied. Hartnett came to bat with two out in the bottom of the ninth inning. With a count of 0 balls and 2 strikes, Hartnett connected on a Mace Brown pitch, launching the ball into the darkness, before it eventually landed in the left-center field bleachers. The stadium erupted into pandemonium as players and fans stormed the field to escort Hartnett around the bases.[36] Hartnett's walk-off home run became immortalized as the Homer in the Gloamin'.[35]

The Cubs were now in first place, culminating an impressive 19-3-1 record in September, and the pennant would be clinched three days later.[34] Hartnett once again led the Cubs pitching staff to the lowest earned run average in the league and, led National League catchers with a .995 fielding percentage.[37][38] Unfortunately, the Cubs were swept in the 1938 World Series by the New York Yankees, their fourth Series loss in ten years.[39]

Hartnett felt the strain of managing a team during the 1939 season as, he faced player discontent over the pampering of Dizzy Dean while, pitcher Larry French went over his head to complain to owner Philip Wrigley about his lack of pitching assignments.[40] French felt he was being punished for requesting to have Gus Mancuso as his catcher.[40] In addition, Hartnett was forced to catch more games due to the lack of hitting from the other Cubs catchers.[40] On August 28, 1939, he broke Ray Schalk's Major League record of 1,727 career games as a catcher.[41]

After two disappointing seasons, Hartnett was dismissed by the Cubs on November 13, 1940, after 19 years with the club.[42] On December 3, he signed a contract with the New York Giants to be a player-coach.[43] Hartnett hit for a .300 average in 64 games as a backup catcher to Harry Danning in the 1941 season.[1] He played his final game on September 24, 1941, retiring as a player at the age of 40.[1]

Career statistics

In a 20 year major league career, Hartnett played in 1,990 games, accumulating 1,912 hits in 6,432 at bats for a .297 career batting average along with a .489 slugging percentage, 236 home runs, 1,179 runs batted in and an on base percentage of .370.[1] He retired with a .984 career fielding percentage.[1] Hartnett caught 100 or more games for a league record 12 times, including a record eight seasons in a row.[44] He led the National League in putouts four times and in assists and fielding percentage six times.[1] He led the league seven times in double plays and, set a National league record with 163 career double plays.[45] Hartnett set a since-broken major league record for catchers of 452 consecutive chances without committing an error.[46]

At the time of his retirement, his 236 home runs, 1179 runs batted in, 1912 hits, and 396 doubles were all records for catchers.[12] He also finished among the National League's top ten in slugging percentage seven times in his career.[1] A six-time All-Star, Hartnett was the recipient of one Most Valuable Player Award and played on four pennant-winning teams.[1] Hartnett's .370 career on base percentage was higher than the .342 posted by Johnny Bench or, the .348 posted by Yogi Berra.[47][48] His bat and catcher's mask were the first artifacts sent to the newly constructed Baseball Hall of Fame in 1938.[5]

Post-playing career and retirement

Afterwards, he managed in the minor leagues for five seasons, retiring to Lincolnwood, Illinois in 1946.[49] On January 26, 1955, Hartnett was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame along with Joe DiMaggio, Ted Lyons and Dazzy Vance.[50] In 1981, Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included Hartnett in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time. In 1999, he was named as a finalist to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.[51]

In his last job in the majors Hartnett worked as a coach and scout for the Kansas City Athletics for two years in the mid-1960s. Gabby Hartnett died of cirrhosis in Park Ridge, Illinois on his 72nd birthday, and is interred in All Saints Cemetery in Des Plaines, Illinois.[44]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Gabby Hartnett statistics". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/h/hartnga01.shtml. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  2. ^ a b "Gabby Hartnett". entertainment.howstuffworks.com. http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/gabby-hartnett-hof.htm. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  3. ^ Vass, George (November 1969). Superstars of the 70's Who Will They Be?. Books.Google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=-jIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA12&dq=gabby+hartnett+baseball+digest&hl=en&ei=4CxWTajuLtOUtwfhm42jDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  4. ^ "Gabby Hartnett at The Baseball Hall of Fame". baseballhall.org. http://baseballhall.org/hof/hartnett-gabby. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  5. ^ a b c d "Gabby Hartnett at The Baseball Page". thebaseballpage.com. http://www.thebaseballpage.com/players/hartnga01.php. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  6. ^ "Gabby Hartnett minor league statistics". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=hartne001cha. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  7. ^ a b Birtwell, Roger (February 1970). Scout's Report on Hartnett Proved Wrong. Books.Google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=KDMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46&dq=gabby+hartnett+baseball+digest&hl=en&ei=4CxWTajuLtOUtwfhm42jDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCkQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  8. ^ a b "Gabby Hartnett at Baseball Statistics". baseball-statistics.com. http://www.baseball-statistics.com/HOF/Hartnett.html. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  9. ^ Ahrens, Art (March 1976). When Old Alex Won his 300th Game. Books.Google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=vTIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA90&dq=gabby+hartnett+baseball+digest&hl=en&ei=4CxWTajuLtOUtwfhm42jDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  10. ^ Lawrence Ritter. The Glory of Their Times. Collier Books. p. 235. ISBN 0688112730. 
  11. ^ "Bob O'Farrell". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/o/o'farbo01.shtml. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
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  15. ^ a b c d Haag, Irv (April 1973). Baseball's All-Time Greatest Catchers. Books.Google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=EzMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=gabby+hartnett+baseball+digest&hl=en&ei=4CxWTajuLtOUtwfhm42jDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=gabby%20hartnett%20baseball%20digest&f=false. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  16. ^ "Many Big Trades Expected At Meet". The Telegraph-Herald. I.N.S.: p. 9. 9 December 1925. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vytFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VbsMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4608,69252&dq=gabby+hartnett&hl=en. Retrieved 13 February 2011. 
  17. ^ "Gabby Hartnett post-season statistics". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/h/hartnga01.shtml#batting_postseason::none. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  18. ^ "1930 National League Fielding Leaders". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NL/1930-fielding-leaders.shtml. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  19. ^ a b c McNeil, William. (2004). In Gabby Hartnett: the life and times of the Cubs' greatest catcher. McFarland Publishing. p. 147. ISBN 0-7864-1850-8. Google Book Search. Retrieved on February 14, 2011.
  20. ^ "1932 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NL/1932.shtml#teams_standard_pitching::7. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  21. ^ "1932 World Series". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1932_WS.shtml. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  22. ^ "1933 All-Star Game". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/ALS/ALS193307060.shtml. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  23. ^ "1934 Gabby Hartnett batting log". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/gl.cgi?id=hartnga01&t=b&year=1934. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  24. ^ "1934 All-Star Game". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/NLS/NLS193407100.shtml. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  25. ^ "1935 National League Fielding Leaders". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NL/1935-fielding-leaders.shtml. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  26. ^ "1935 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NL/1935.shtml#teams_standard_pitching::7. Retrieved 23 January 2011. 
  27. ^ "1935 National League Most Valuable Player Award ballot". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/awards_1935.shtml#NLmvp. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
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  29. ^ "1937 All-Star Game". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/ALS/ALS193707070.shtml. Retrieved 14 February 2011. 
  30. ^ "1937 National League Most Valuable Player Award ballot". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/awards_1937.shtml#NLmvp. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  31. ^ Vass, George (April 1996). Here's How Division Races Shape Up for the '96 Season. Books.Google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=wy4DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA38&dq=hartnett+piazza+baseball+digest&hl=en&ei=zKRbTfrFLtO3tgfk9PDGCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 16 February 2011. 
  32. ^ "Mike Piazza career statistics". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/p/piazzmi01.shtml. Retrieved 16 February 2011. 
  33. ^ "Gabby Hartnett Succeeds Grimm As Cub Manager". The Daily Times: p. 9. 21 July 1938. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=B6siAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sK8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1671,5851154&dq=gabby+hartnett&hl=en. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  34. ^ a b c "1938 Chicago Cubs Schedule". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/CHC/1938-schedule-scores.shtml. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  35. ^ a b "Homer In The Gloamin'". mlb.com. http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20070720&content_id=2099223&vkey=news_chc&fext=.jsp&c_id=ch. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  36. ^ Carmichael, John (October 1978). When Gabby Hartnett Hit His Homer In The Gloamin'. Books.Google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=FTQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32&dq=gabby+hartnett+baseball+digest&hl=en&ei=fYFbTbjoEsiBtge619GyCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=gabby%20hartnett%20baseball%20digest&f=false. Retrieved 16 February 2011. 
  37. ^ "1938 National League Team Statistics and Standings". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NL/1938.shtml#teams_standard_pitching::7. Retrieved 23 January 2011. 
  38. ^ "1938 National League Fielding Leaders". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NL/1938-fielding-leaders.shtml. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  39. ^ "1938 World Series". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1938_WS.shtml. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  40. ^ a b c "French Action Further Pains Cub's Manager". The Telegraph-Herald. United Press International: p. 9. 1 August 1939. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tuxBAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IaoMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3584,6340239&dq=gabby+hartnett&hl=en. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  41. ^ "Chicago Catcher-Manager Has Equalled or Cracked Long Time Backstop Mark". The Calgary Herald. Associated Press: p. 7. 29 August 1939. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DCFkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=S3sNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1708,5809655&dq=gabby+hartnett&hl=en. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  42. ^ "Gabby Hartnett Dismissed as Chicago Cubs Manager in National League". Montreal Gazette. Associated Press: p. 15. 14 November 1940. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ar8tAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JZkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4362,2366595&dq=gabby+hartnett&hl=en. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  43. ^ "Gabby Hartnett To Coach Giants". The Calgary Herald. Associated Press: p. 7. 3 December 1940. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Hx1kAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MXsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2234,143008&dq=gabby+hartnett&hl=en. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  44. ^ a b "Former Cubs great, Gabby Hartnett dead". The Telegraph-Herald. Associated Press: p. 24. 19 December 1972. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Q-xYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=z7wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=7115,3430136&dq=gabby+hartnett&hl=en. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  45. ^ "Catchers' fielding records". The Encyclopedia of Baseball Catchers. http://members.tripod.com/bb_catchers/catchers/fielding_misc.htm. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  46. ^ "Hartnett Looks Like Old Gabby". The Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press: p. 24. 26 February 1941. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fDo_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=t0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5555,2350689&dq=gabby+hartnett+452+consecutive+chances&hl=en. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  47. ^ "Johnny Bench career statistics". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/benchjo01.shtml. Retrieved 16 February 2011. 
  48. ^ "Yogi Berra career statistics". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/berrayo01.shtml. Retrieved 16 February 2011. 
  49. ^ "Gabby Hartnett minor league manager record". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=hartne001cha#standard_managing::none. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  50. ^ "Di Mag, Lyons,Hartnett, Vance Voted To Hall". The Victoria Advocate. United Press International: p. 10. 27 January 1955. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PGRTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=f4UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1178,2554751&dq=gabby+hartnett&hl=en. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 
  51. ^ "Major League Baseball All-Century Team". mlb.com. http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_moreinfo.jsp. Retrieved 12 February 2011. 

External links

Preceded by
Dizzy Dean
National League Most Valuable Player
1935
Succeeded by
Carl Hubbell
Preceded by
Charlie Grimm
Chicago Cubs Manager
1938–1940
Succeeded by
Jimmie Wilson

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