- Timeline of German history
This is a timeline of German history. To read about the background to these events, see
History of Germany . See alsoList of German monarchs ,Lists of office-holders andList of years in Germany ."This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it."
BC
*1000 BC - 500 BC, the
Germanic tribes appear in northernGermany , see theNordic Bronze Age and thePre-Roman Iron Age .
*600 - 300 BC (approximately)East Germanic tribes move fromScandinavia into the area between the Oder andVistula rivers
*113 BC - 439 ADGermanic Wars betweenGermanic tribes and the Romans
*109 BC Confederation of theCimbri ,Teutoni andHelvetii formed
*57 BCJulius Caesar 'sGallic Wars ; Caesar invades region which becomesGermania Inferior
*53 BCEburones ,Nervii ,Menapii andMorinii tribes revolt but are put down by Caesar.
*50 BC (approximately)Ingvaeones becomeFrisians ,Saxons ,Jutes andAngles by about now
*8 BCMarcomanni andQuadi drive theBoii out ofBohemia
*10 BC (approximately) differentiation of localized Teutonic tribes (Alamanni ,Hermunduri ,Marcomanni ,Quadi ,Suebi ) in area formerly occupied by
*8 BC Confederation ofMarcomanni ,Semnones ,Lombards of others1 AD–800 AD
*9 AD
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest establishes the boundary between Romans and Germanic peoples.
**Upper Germanic Limes begun
*16 ADBattle of the Weser River (Battle of Minden) between Romans (Germanicus ) andArminius , chief of theCherusci
*68Year of the four emperors
*69Batavian rebellion of theBatavians led by Civilis against theRoman Empire
*90Germania Superior andGermania Inferior established asImperial Roman province s (Germania )
*268Battle of Lake Benacus between theAlamanni andClaudius II
**Battle of Naissus between theGoths andGallienus
*300 - 900 (approximately) "Völkerwanderung "
*496Battle of Tolbiac between theFranks and theAlamanni
*530Pope Boniface II consecrated
*5th - 9th centuryHigh German consonant shift distinguishesHigh German languages from otherWest Germanic languages
*715Saint Boniface begins his work as a missionary800–1000
*800
Charlemagne crowned "Imperator Romanorum" (Emperor of the Romans )
*804Saxons finally conquered by Charlemagne
*843Treaty of Verdun
*870Treaty of Mersen divides theCarolingian Empire
*955 Otto I defeats Hungarians atBattle of Lechfeld
*962 Otto I crowned "Imperator Romanorum";Holy Roman Empire formed
*972Battle of Cedynia
*996Pope Gregory V consecrated1000–1500
*11th - 13th centuries
Crusade s
*1046Pope Clement II consecrated
*1048Pope Damasus II consecrated
*1049Pope Leo IX consecrated
*1055Pope Victor II consecrated
*1057Pope Stephen IX consecrated
*1072Agnes of Germany born
*1075 start ofInvestiture Controversy
*1077Walk to Canossa
*1096German Crusade, 1096
*1098Hildegard of Bingen born
*12th - 14th centuries "Minnesänger" singers
*1122Concordat of Worms
*1147 - sixteenth centuryNorthern Crusades (Baltic Crusades) against people of North Eastern Europe around theBaltic Sea
*1152Frederick I Barbarossa crowned
*1190Teutonic Knights formed afterThird Crusade
*1190 or 1200 "Nibelungenlied " written
*1214Battle of Bouvines
*1273 Rudolph I crowned
*1291Federal Charter of 1291
*14th to 16th centuries "Meistersinger " lyric poets
*1338Declaration of Rhense
*1356Golden Bull of 1356
**Hanseatic League officially founded
*1370Treaty of Stralsund ends war betweenHanseatic League and the Danes
*1392Victual Brothers hired by the Dukes ofMecklenburg to fight againstDenmark
*1410Battle of Grunwald
*1414 - 1418Council of Constance
*1455Gutenberg Bible first printed byJohann Gutenberg
*1471Albrecht Dürer born
*1495Imperial Reform ; "Reichskammergericht " formed
*1499Swabian War
*1517Martin Luther 's95 Theses
*1521Diet of Worms addressesMartin Luther and the effects on theProtestant Reformation
*1522Pope Adrian VI consecrated
*1524 - 1526Peasants' War
*1529Protestation at Speyer
*1529Siege of Vienna
*1546 - 1547Schmalkaldic War
*1555Peace of Augsburg 1600–1800
*1608
Protestant Union
*1609 Catholic League
*1618 - 1648Thirty Years War
*1629Edict of Restitution
*1631Sack of Magdeburg
**Battle of Breitenfeld
*1632 Battle of Lützen and death ofGustavus Adolphus of Sweden
*1642 Second Battle of Breitenfeld
*1646Gottfried Leibniz born
*1648Peace of Westphalia - Independence ofSwitzerland and theNetherlands from the Holy Roman Empire is recognised
*1683Battle of Vienna
*1685Johann Sebastian Bach born
*1686Grand Alliance formed
*1697 August ofSaxony becomes king ofPoland
*1724Immanuel Kant born
*1740 - 1742; 1744 - 1745; 1756 - 1763Silesian Wars
**War of the Austrian Succession
**Seven Years' War pitsGreat Britain ,Prussia andHanover againstFrance ,Austria ,Russia ,Sweden , andSaxony
*1749Johann Wolfgang von Goethe born
*1756 - 1763Seven Years' War
*1756Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born
*1759Friedrich Schiller born
*1770Ludwig van Beethoven born
**Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel born
*1777Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß) born
*1788 "Abitur " examination introduced inPrussia
*1789 - 1799French revolution
*1791Declaration of Pillnitz
*1792Brunswick Proclamation ;France declares war onAustria
*1792 - 1802French Revolutionary Wars 1800s
*1803 Napoleon imposes the
Convention of Artlenburg
**All of the Imperial Free Cities but six eliminated
**All ecclesiastic land holdings in Germany abolished
*1804 - 1815Napoleonic Wars
*Austria joins theThird Coalition
*1806 Collapse ofHoly Roman Empire
**Confederation of the Rhine formed
**Prussia joins theFourth Coalition
*1807Peace of Tilsit
*1812Brothers Grimm publish first collection of fairy tales
**Convention of Tauroggen
*1812 - 1814Sixth Coalition includes German states
*1813Wilhelm Richard Wagner born
**Battle of the Nations atLeipzig : Napoleon defeated
*1815Congress of Vienna
**German Confederation formed
*1817Wartburg festival
*1818Karl Marx born
*1819August von Kotzebue assassinated andCarlsbad Decrees
*1832Wilhelm Busch born
**Hambach Festival
*1834Zollverein formed
*1837 Protest of theGöttingen Seven
*1840 Firstkindergarten opened by Froebel
*1844Friedrich Nietzsche born
*1848 - 1849 TheRevolutions of 1848 in the German states
*1848Frankfurt Parliament convenes
*1848 - 1851First Schleswig War
*1850Punctation of Olmütz
*1850 "Dreiklassenwahlrecht " introduced inPrussia
*1856Neanderthal remains found at the Neander valley
*1858Max Planck born
*1863Social Democratic Party of Germany formed
*1864Danish-Prussian War
*1865Gastein Convention
*1866Austro-Prussian War ;Battle of Königgrätz
*1867North German Confederation formed after collapse of German Confederation
*1870Franco-Prussian War
*1871German Empire proclaimed from North German Confederation.
*1873League of the Three Emperors
*1875Thomas Mann born
*1878Congress of Berlin
*1879 Dual Alliance
**Albert Einstein born
*1882 Triple Alliance
*1884Berlin Conference
*1886automobile s withgasoline -poweredinternal combustion engine s produced independently byCarl Benz andGottlieb Daimler
*1887Reinsurance Treaty
*1888Year of Three Emperors
*1889Adolf Hitler born
*1890Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty
*1891 Foundation of theAlldeutscher Verband
*1892Rudolf Diesel inventsDiesel engine
*1896Kruger telegram 1900s
*1900 "
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch " comes into effect
*1905 - 1906First Moroccan Crisis
*1905Schlieffen Plan
*1911Agadir Crisis
*1913Saverne Affair
*1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
**1914 - 1918World War I
*1918 End of "Dreiklassenwahlrecht ";universal suffrage introduced (women get the vote for the first time)
*1919Treaty of Versailles
**1919–1933Weimar Republic
*1920Kapp Putsch
*1922Treaty of Rapallo
*Munich Putsch
**Ruhr Crisis
**1920s German inflation
**Gustav Stresemann becomesChancellor and introducesRentenmark
*1924Dawes Plan
*1925Locarno Treaties
**1925 - Joins theLeague of Nations
*1929Young Plan
**1929Gustav Stresemann assassinated
*1930German election, 1930
*1933Adolf Hitler appointedChancellor of Germany ; "Gleichschaltung "
**1933 - 1945Nazi Germany (Third Reich)
*1939 - 1945World War II (see alsoTimeline of World War II )
*1941Konrad Zuse builds the firstcomputer , Z3
*1945Potsdam Conference
*1946 First of theThe industrial plans for Germany is signed
*1946 U.S.Restatement of Policy on Germany
*1946Party of Democratic Socialism formed
*1947 U.S. occupation directiveJCS 1067 is rescinded.
*1948Deutsche Mark introduced
**Free Democratic Party formed
**1948 - 1949Berlin Blockade
*1949 German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany formed (seeHistory of East Germany ,Constitution of the German Democratic Republic andBasic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany )
**Christian Democratic Union of Germany founded
**Konrad Adenauer becomes first post-warChancellor of Germany
*1949 Last of theThe industrial plans for Germany is signed.
*1950s "Wirtschaftswunder "
*1951 -West Germany becomes one of the six founding members of theEuropean Coal and Steel Community , later known as theEuropean Union
*1952Inner German border is fortified, except around Berlin
**Deutschlandvertrag
*1953Uprising of 1953 in East Germany
*1954West Germany winsFootball World Cup -The Miracle of Bern
*1955 Federal Republic joinsNATO ; GDR joinsWarsaw Pact
*1961Berlin Wall is built
*1963Ludwig Erhard becomes Chancellor
*1964National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) formed
*1966Kurt Georg Kiesinger becomes Chancellor
*1967 - 1968German student movement
*1969Willy Brandt becomes Chancellor
*1970 Voting age lowered from 21 to 18
**1970 Treaty of Moscow
**1970 Treaty of Warsaw
*1970s - 1998Red Army Faction operates
*1971Four Power Agreement on Berlin
*1972 Basic Treaty between West and East Germany
*1972West Germany hosts the1972 Summer Olympics inMunich .Palestinian terrorists causeMunich Massacre
*1973 East andWest Germany joinUnited Nations
*1974West Germany hosts and winsFootball World Cup
**Helmut Schmidt becomes Chancellor
*1982Helmut Kohl becomes Chancellor
*1987 First ever official visit byErich Honecker to the Federal Republic of Germany
*1989Monday demonstrations inLeipzig
**Berlin Wall falls
*1990Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany , West Germany winsFootball World Cup
**German reunification
*1991Berlin named new capital
*1993Alliance '90/The Greens merge
**Germany signsMaastricht Treaty leading to the creation of theEuropean Union
*1994 Federal Constitutional Court saysBundeswehr can take part in UNpeacekeeping outsideNATO territory
*1998Gerhard Schröder becomes Chancellor
*1999 The NATO war onYugoslavia is the first non-defensive war theBundeswehr actively takes part inince 2000
*2000
Hanover hostsExpo 2000
*2001 Women joinBundeswehr for the first time
*2002Euro notes and coins introduced and replaceDeutsche Mark as everyday currency
*2005Pope Benedict XVI consecrated
*2005Angela Merkel elected as the chancellor, marking the first woman chancellor of the government.
*2006 Germany hostsFifa World Cup 2006 .ee also
*
List of German presidents since 1919 for a list of presidents of theGerman Reich , heads of state of theGerman Democratic Republic and presidents of theFederal Republic of Germany (1949-present)
*Chancellor of Germany for a list of chancellors since1871 .References
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