Zygomycota

Zygomycota

Taxobox


image_caption = Sporangium of a "Phycomyces sp."
name = Zygomycota
regnum = Fungi
divisio = Zygomycota
divisio_authority = Moreau 1954 (technically invalid)
classis = Zygomycetes
subdivision_ranks = Orders
subdivision = Dimargaritales
Endogonales
Entomophthorales
Harpellales
Kickxellales
Microsporidia
Mucorales
Zoopagales

Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, are a phylum of fungi. The name of the phylum comes from zygosporangia, where resistant spherical spores are formed during sexual reproduction. Approximately 1000 species of zygomycetes are known. They are mostly terrestrial in habitat, living in soil or on decaying plant or animal material. Zygomycete hyphae may be coenocytic, forming septa only where gametes are formed or to wall off dead hyphae.

Reproduction

The common example of a zygomycete is black bread mold ("Rhizopus stolonifera"), a member of the Mucorales. It spreads over the surface of bread and other food sources, sending hyphae inward to absorb nutrients. In its asexual phase it develops bulbous black sporangia at the tips of upright hyphae, each containing hundreds of haploid spores. If the mycelia of complementary mating types are present, the fungus reproduces sexually and produces zygosporangia. Zygosporangia are typically thick-walled, highly resilient to environmental hardships, and are metabolically inert. When conditions improve, however, they germinate to produce a sporangium or vegetative hyphae.

Some zygomycetes disperse their spores in a more precise manner than simply allowing them to drift aimlessly on air currents. "Pilobolus", a fungus which grows on animal dung, bends its sporangiophores towards light with the help of a light sensitive pigment and then "fires" them with an explosive squirt of high-pressure cytoplasm. Sporangia can be launched as far as 2m, placing them far away from the dung and hopefully on vegetation which will be eaten by an herbivore, eventually to be deposited with dung elsewhere. Different mechanisms for forcible spore discharge have evolved among members of the zygomycete order Entomophthorales.

Phylogeny

The Zygomycota are generally placed near the base of the fungal phylogenetic tree, having diverged from other fungi after chytrids. Molecular phylogenetics reveal that they form a polyphyletic group and could see a split into several new phyla.cite journal | author=Hibbett, D.S., "et al." | month=Mar | year=2007 | title=A higher level phylogenetic classification of the "Fungi"| journal=Mycol. Res. | volume=111 | issue=5 | pages=509–547 | doi=10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004] The order Glomales was removed in 2001 and elevated to Division Glomeromycota due their lack of zygospore formation, their mycorrhizal habit, and lack of DNA sequence homology.

References

External links

* [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Zygomycota Zygomycota] at the Tree of Life Web Project
* [http://zygomycetes.org/ Zygomycetes.org]
* [http://www.catalogueoflife.org/search_results.php?search_type=browse_by_classification&kingdom=Fungi&phylum=&tax_class=Zygomycetes&order=&superfamily=&family=&genus=&species=&infraspecies=&match_whole_words=on&Submit=Search+%3E%3E List of all Zygomycetes species from Zygomycetes database by PM Kirk in Catalogue of Life 2008]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Zygomycota — es una division de hongos. Incluye dos clases ● Tricomicetes (clase Trichomycetes). ● Zigomycetes (clase Zygomycetes) …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Zygomycota —   Zygomycota …   Wikipedia Español

  • Zygomycota — Les zygomycètes stricto sensu (Zygomycetes) constituent, avec les trichomycètes (Trichomycetes), les deux classes des zygomycètes lato sensu (Zygomycota), l’une des cinq divisions des Mycètes actuellement reconnues. Ils doivent leur nom à leur… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Zygomycota — ? Зигомицеты плесень на хлебе Научная классификация Царство: Грибы Отдел: Зигомицеты (Zygomycota) …   Википедия

  • Zygomycota — Für die systematische Einteilung der Lebewesen existieren nebeneinander mehrere Vorschläge. Das hier behandelte Taxon entspricht nicht der gegenwärtig in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia verwendeten Systematik. Die Jochpilze (Zygomycota) bilden… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Zygomycota — noun division of fungi having sexually produced zygospores • Syn: ↑subdivision Zygomycota, ↑Zygomycotina, ↑subdivision Zygomycotina • Hypernyms: ↑division • Member Holonyms: ↑Eumycota, ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

  • zygomycota — /zuy geuh muy koh teuh/, n. Mycol. the zygomycetes considered as belonging to the phylum Zygomycota of the kingdom Fungi. [ < NL; see ZYGOMYCETE, OTA] * * * …   Universalium

  • Zygomycota (classification phylogenetique) — Zygomycota (classification phylogénétique) Cette page a pour objet de présenter un arbre phylogénétique des Zygomycota (ou Zygomycètes), c est à dire un cladogramme mettant en lumière les relations évolutives complexes (relations groupes… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Zygomycota (classification phylogénétique) — Cette page a pour objet de présenter un arbre phylogénétique des Zygomycota (Zygomycètes), c est à dire un cladogramme mettant en lumière les relations de parenté existant entre leurs différents groupes (ou taxa), telles que les dernières… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Zygomycota — Zy·go·my·co·ta (zi″go mi koґtə) a phylum of perfect fungi consisting of soil saprobes and invertebrate parasites; it includes the classes Zygomycetes and Trichomycetes. Organisms may cause human or animal infection in debilitated or… …   Medical dictionary

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”