Surt (volcano)

Surt (volcano)

Surt is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's Jupiter-facing hemisphere at 45.21° North Latitude, 336.49° West Longitude.cite web | last=Blue | first=Jennifer | date=October 1, 2008 |url=http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureTypesData2.jsp?systemID=5&bodyID=7&typeID=11&system=Jupiter&body=Io&type=Eruptive%20center&sort=AName&show=Fname&show=Lat&show=Long&show=Diam&show=Stat&show=Orig | title=Io Nomenclature: Eruptive center | publisher=USGS | accessdate=2008-10-01 ] Surt consists of a oblong volcanic pit (known as a "patera"), convert|75|by|40|km in diameter, surrounded by reddish sulfur and bright sulfur dioxide deposits to its south and east.cite journal |title=Two classes of volcanic plume on Io |journal=Icarus |last=McEwen |first=A. S. |coauthors=Soderblom, L. A. |pages=197–226 |volume=58 |issue= |date=1983] cite journal |title=Surface changes on Io during the Galileo mission |journal=Icarus |last=Geissler |first=P. |coauthors="et al." |pages=29–64 |volume=169 |issue= |date=2004] The volcano was first observed in images acquired by the "Voyager 1" spacecraft in March 1979.cite journal |title=The Galilean Satellites and Jupiter: Voyager 2 Imaging Science Results |journal=Science |last=Smith |first=B. A. |coauthors="et al." |pages=927–950 |volume=206 |issue=4421 |date=1979] Later that year, the International Astronomical Union named this feature after an Icelanic volcano god, Surtr.

Several eruptions have been observed at Surt since it was discovered by "Voyager 1". The first eruption observed by Earth-based astronomers following the discovery of Ionian volcanism took place at Surt on June 11 1979, between the "Voyager 1" and "Voyager 2" flybys.cite journal |title=Io: Are Vapor Explosions Responsible for the 5-μm Outbursts? |journal=Icarus |last=Sinton |first=W. M. |coauthors= |pages=56–64 |volume=43 |issue= |date=1980] When "Voyager 2" encountered the Jupiter system in July 1979, the eruption appeared to have ceased, but a fresh, convert|600|km-wide plume deposit was observed surrounding Surt. This plume deposit was suggestive of an active Pele-type plume at Surt between the two Voyager encounters. In addition, dark material, thought to be lava erupted during the eruption, was visible within the eastern half of the patera. When the "Galileo" spacecraft first took images of the area in 1996, the appearance of Surt and the surrounding terrain had reverted back to its appearance as seen by "Voyager 1", again suggestive of a short-lived eruption.

Surt erupted again on February 22 2001 in the most powerful volcanic eruption ever observed, in terms of the amount of power (in watts) output by the eruption.cite journal |title=High-Resolution Keck Adaptive Optics Imaging of Violent Volcanic Activity on Io |journal=Icarus |last=Marchis |first=F. |coauthors="et al." |pages=124–131 |volume=160 |issue= |date=2002] The total power output observed at Surt (7.2–8.4esp|13 W) during this eruption nearly matches the average total power output for all of Io's volcanoes. Despite such a violent eruption, few surface changes were observed in conjunction with the eruption in images acquired by "Galileo" six months later, suggesting that any changes had largely faded. Fresh, sulfur-rich, reddish deposits were seen in images acquired by Galileo in August 2001 to the northeast of Surt.

References


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Surt (volcan) — Surt Vue de Surt par Voyager 1 le 5 mars 1979. Géographie et géologie Coordonnées 45,21° N • 336,49° W …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Masubi (volcano) — Highest resolution image of the Masubi volcanic lava flow. Image taken by Voyager 1 in March 1979. Masubi is an active volcano on Jupiter s moon Io. It is located on Io s leading hemisphere at …   Wikipedia

  • Io Volcano Observer — Caractéristiques Domaine Exploration Type de mission Orbiteur Statut En cours d évaluation par la NASA Lancement 2015[1] ( …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Earth Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Geology and Geochemistry       The theme of the 33rd International Geological Congress, which was held in Norway in August 2008, was “Earth System Science: Foundation for Sustainable Development.” It was attended by nearly… …   Universalium

  • Exploration of Jupiter — Jupiter as seen by the space probe Cassini. This is the most detailed global color portrait of Jupiter ever assembled …   Wikipedia

  • Rings of Neptune — The scheme of Neptune s ring moon system. Solid lines denote rings; dashed lines denote orbits of moons. The rings of Neptune consist primarily of five principal rings predicted in 1984 by André Brahic and imaged in 1989 by the Voyager 2… …   Wikipedia

  • Specific orbital energy — In the gravitational two body problem, the specific orbital energy (or vis viva energy) of two orbiting bodies is the constant sum of their mutual potential energy ( ) and their total kinetic energy ( ), divided by the reduced mass. According to… …   Wikipedia

  • Dunyazad (crater) — Dunyazad Dunyazad crater (bottom) as seen by the Cassini spacecraft on March 9, 2005 Location …   Wikipedia

  • Contents of the Voyager Golden Record — A copy of the record on display at the Udvar Hazy Center in Washington Dulles International Airport The contents of the Voyager Golden Record is a collection of 116 images and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind, and… …   Wikipedia

  • Franck Marchis — (born April 06, 1973 in Caen, France), astronomer and planetary scientist, is best known for his discovery and characterization of multiple asteroids and its study of Io volcanism.The asteroid 6639 Marchis was named in his honor on April 4th 2007 …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”