Pyramidion

Pyramidion

In archaeological parlance, a pyramidion, (pl. pyramidia), is the uppermost piece, or capstone, of an Egyptian pyramid. [Toby Wilkinson, The Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson, 2005. p.197] They were called "benbenet" in Ancient Egyptian, [Ermann, Grapow, "Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache" 1, 459.13-14] which associated the pyramid as a whole with the sacred benben stone. [Wilkinson, op. cit., p.197] In Egypt's Old Kingdom, pyramidions were generally made of diorite, granite, or fine limestone, which was then covered in gold or electrum, while during the Middle Kingdom and through to the end of the Pyramid building era, they were built from granite. [ [http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/pyramidions.htm Pyramidions] by Alan Winston] A pyramidion was "covered in gold leaf to reflect the rays of the sun"; during Egypt's Middle Kingdom, they were often "inscribed with royal titles and religious symbols." [Wilkinson, op. cit., p.197]

Very few pyramidia have survived into modern times. Most of those that have are made of polished black granite, inscribed with the name of the pyramid's owner. A total of four pyramidia—the world's largest collection—is housed in the main hall of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Among them is the pyramidion from the so-called Black Pyramid of Amenemhet III at Dahshur. [editors Regine Schulz and Matthias Seidel (w/ 34 contributing Authors), "Egypt, The World of the Pharaohs," Konemann, Germany: 1998. "Amenemhet III," 1842-1797 BC, p.115]

A badly-damaged white tura limestone pyramidion, thought to have been created for the Red Pyramid of Sneferu at Dahshur, has been reconstructed and is on open-air display beside that pyramid—it presents a minor mystery, however, as its angle of inclination is steeper than that of the edifice it was apparently created to surmount.

Private brick pyramids with Pyramidia

During the New Kingdom, some private underground tombs were marked on the surface by small brick pyramids that terminated in pyramidia. The four lateral sides included texts and scenes related to the cult of the Sun God (as the Representation of Pharaoh).

The scenes typically depict the course of the sun, rising on one lateral face, setting on the opposite face, and traveling, through the night, through the underworld ruled by Osiris.

cribe Moses pyramidion

The pyramidion of the scribe Moses (mes,s), (New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty, ca 1250 BC, "limestone", 53 cm tall) depicts himself making an offering, with his name, on two opposite faces. The adjacent opposite faces feature a baboon: "Screeching upon the rising of the Sun, and the Day". (The baboon is also the god-scribe representation of the scribe, for the God Thoth. [Peck, William. "Splendors of Ancient Egypt," William H. Peck, The Detroit Institute of Arts, (University Lithoprinters Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich.), c 1997, (p. 67). ("Moses Pyramidion" from "Roemer and Pelizaeus Museum, Hildesheim, Germany".)] )

The pyramidion of Ptahemwia, (19th Dynasty, Ramesside Period, ca 1200 BC, "limestone", 28 cm wide, 42 cm tall) likewise displays sun-related scenes. [eds. R. Schulz and M. Seidel, op. cit., "Pyramidions: Ptahemwia," p.252] The Sun God, Re-Horakhti, and the god of the Underworld, Osiris, are shown on one lateral face.

Facing the two Gods, on the adjacent lateral face, is the deceased Ptahemwia, standing in an offering pose, facing three columns of hieroglyphs. [Ibid., p.252]

References


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Pyramidion — der Roten Pyramide (4. Dynastie) …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • pyramidion — [ piramidjɔ̃ ] n. m. • 1842; de pyramide ♦ Archéol. Sommet pyramidal. ● pyramidion nom masculin Petite pyramide qui sert de couronnement aux obélisques et aux pyramides de l Égypte pharaonique. ⇒PYRAMIDION, subst. masc. ARCHÉOL. ,,Petite pyramide …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Pyramidion — Pyr a*mid i*on, n.; pl. {Pyramidia}. [NL., from L. pyramis. See {Pyramid}.] The small pyramid which crowns or completes an obelisk. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Pyramidĭon — Pyramidĭon, die pyramidenförmige Spitze auf einem Obelisken …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Pyramidion — Pyramidĭon, s. Obelisk …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Pyramidion — Quatre pyramidia de granite noir au musée égyptien du Caire Un pyramidion (pluriel : pyramidia) est un élément pyramidal constituant le sommet d une pyramide et plus généralement d un monument (tel qu un obélisque). Cet élément architectural …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Pyramidion —    The capstone of a pyramid. After the use of pyramids for royal burials was discontinued, mudbrick pyramids were placed on top of private tombs, as at Thebes surmounted by a stone pyramidion often inscribed with a prayer to and decorated with a …   Ancient Egypt

  • Pyramidion (album) — Infobox Album Name = Pyramidion Type = ep Artist = Ozric Tentacles Released = 2001 Recorded = Genre = Psychedelic Length = Label = Snapper Music Producer = Reviews = Last album = The Hidden Step (2000) This album = Pyramidion (2001) Next album =… …   Wikipedia

  • Pyramidion von Ezbet Rušdi al-Kebîra — Nahe dem heutigen Tell el Dab a fand Labib Habachi im Jahr 1942 das Pyramidion Ezbet Ruschdi al Kebira (auch Pyramidion von Ezbet Rušdi al Kebîra), welches aus Basalt gearbeitet worden war und ursprünglich einen Überzug aus Metall besaß.[1] An… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Pyramidion von Ezbet Ruschdi al-Kebira — Nahe dem heutigen Tell el Dab a fand Labib Habachi im Jahr 1942 das Pyramidion Ezbet Ruschdi al Kebira (auch Pyramidion von Ezbet Rušdi al Kebîra), welches aus Basalt gearbeitet worden war und ursprünglich einen Überzug aus Metall besaß.[1] An… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”