- Stockman
In the
Australian lexicon, stockman is the traditional name given to a person who looks after thelivestock on a large property known as a station and owned by agrazier or a grazing company. They may also be the persons employed atabattoir s,feedlot s, on live export ships or with stock and station agencies.Station employees, including stockmen, who work at a number of different occupations within their work, are also known as “station hands”. Trainee
station managers are known as "jackaroo s" (trainee managers are known as "jillaroos"). Girls are now popular stock persons on many properties as they have been acknowledged as having a natural affinity for stock work. An associated occupation is that of the drover, who, like theshearer may be an itinerant worker, and is employed in tending to livestock while they are travelling on astock route .The term "stockman" was previously used in the
United States andCanada as a formal term for a person who raised livestock, principally cattle, "stockgrower" being term in more recent use. The meaning differs from the Australian use of the word "stockman".History
The employment of mounted workers to tend livestock is necessitated in Australia by the large size of the "properties" which may be called
sheep station s orcattle station s, depending upon the type of stock. In the inland regions of most states excluding Victoria and Tasmania, cattle stations may exceed 10,000 km² with the largest beingAnna Creek station at 24,000 km² (6,000,000 acres).Stockmen traditionally ride
horse s, useworking dogs and astockwhip for stock work and mustering, but motorisedvehicle s are increasingly used. Sometimes the vehicles that are used are 4WD "paddock-bashers", which are often old unregistered utilities. These vehicles may also be modified by removing the top and fitting roll and bull bars for bull orbuffalo catching. [Beattie, William A., Beef Cattle Breeding & Management, Popular Books, 1990, ISBN 0-7301-0040-5]Early stockmen were specially selected, highly regarded men owing to the high value and importance of early livestock. All stockmen need to be interested in animals, able to handle them with confidence and patience, able to make accurate observations about them and enjoy working outdoors.
The role of the mounted stockmen came into being early in the 19th century, when in 1813 the Blue Mountains separating the coastal plain of the Sydney region from the interior of the continent was crossed. The town of Bathurst was founded shortly after, and potential farmers moved westward, and settled on the land, many of them as squatters. The rolling country, ideal for sheep and the large, often unfenced, properties necessitated the role of the mounted stockmen.
Duties
A stockman is responsible for the care for livestock and treatment of their injuries and illnesses. This includes: feeding, mustering, droving, branding, castrating,
ear tag ging, weighing, vaccinating livestock and dealing with their predators. Stockmen need to be able age by dentition cattle, sheep and occassionally horses. Those caring for sheep will regularly have to deal with flystrike treatments, jetting animals, worm control and lamb marking. Pregnant livestock usually receive special care in late pregnancy and stockmen may have to deal with dystocia.Mustering is done with horses back or vehicles including ATVs, and some of the large
cattle station s usehelicopter s or light aircraft to assist in the mustering and surveillance of livestock and their watering points. Cattle mustering in theOutback and the eastern ‘Falls’ country of theGreat Dividing Range often necessitates days camping out in isolated areas and sleeping on the ground with a limited food choices. In these areas the days in the saddle are often very long as the cattle have to be mustered and then driven to yards or a paddock where they can be held.Apart from livestock duties a stock person will inspect, maintain and repair fences, gates and yards that have been broken by storms, fallen trees, livestock and wildlife.
A number of equestrian sports are particularly associated with stockmen. These include
campdrafting ,team penning ,tentpegging andpolocrosse , as well as working dog trials. The sports are played in local and state competitions and are often a feature ofagricultural show s such as theSydney Royal Easter Show . Stockman challenges are also gaining in popularity across the eastern states of Australia. In this event competitors show their skills bywhipcracking , packing apackhorse (to be lead around a course), bareback obstacle course, cross country, shoeing and stock handling competing in a singleAustralian Stock Saddle . The best will compete in a final with abrumby catch and stock saddle buckjump where they have to mark out carrying a stockwhip.Cultural depictions of stockmen
As with the
cowboy of North America, the role of the stockmen has often been celebrated in various media, though generally in a less glamorized manner, the stockman being generally more highly renowned for his ability to bring down a bullock than anoutlaw and for sharp wit rather thansharp shooting .Two well-known songs commemorate the death of a stockman, the anonymous "Wrap me up with my stockwhip and blanket" and
Rolf Harris 's "Tie me kangaroo down, Sport".Through the 19th and early 20th centuries the writing of
ballad ic poetry was a favoured form of literary expression, and the public recitation of such pieces remains a feature of Australianfolk festival s. The majority of the most popular ballads deal with rural subject and many are specifically about stockmen. These works includeAdam Lindsay Gordon 's "Bush Ballads and Galloping Rhymes" which includes the "Sick Stock Rider", and, most famously,Banjo Paterson 's epic poem "The Man from Snowy River"."The Man from Snowy River" was to become the source of three movies, one in 1920, and another in 1982 to be followed by a sequel. A TV series followed called "Banjo Paterson's The Man from Snowy River". In 2002 the story was shown as live musical theatre called "".
The inspiration for this musical performance came from the Opening Ceremony of the
2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, when the performance opened with 121 stockmen and women ridingAustralian Stock Horse s in a "muster", (known in America as aroundup ) and symbolising a gathering of people from across the world, in the same way as the stockmen "mustered at the station" in Banjo Paterson's famous poem. The muster took place to music written byBruce Rowland , who composed a special Olympics version of the main theme for the 1982 movie "The Man from Snowy River".A further tribute to the stockman derives from the fact that for a number of years the promotions of the
Sydney Royal Easter Show have referred to it as "The Great Australian Muster".In Longreach,
Queensland ,Australia , a Museum and Memorial called theAustralian Stockman's Hall of Fame was established to pay tribute to the pioneers of theAustralian Outback .Famous stockmen
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Breaker Morant
*Nathaniel Buchanan
*William Henry Ogilvie References
* [http://www.tobruksheepstation.com.au/programme.html Tobruk Sheep Station] — includes photo of stockman mustering sheep
* [http://www.cossa.csiro.au/lb/lbbook/range/80.htm Stockman mustering cattle — photo] — CSIRO website
* [http://www.kingoftheranges.com.au/ King on the Ranges] — includes Stockman mustering horses
* [http://www.stockmanshalloffame.com.au/ Australian Stockman's Hall of Fame] — official website
* [http://www.heritagetrails.qld.gov.au/attractions/longreach2.html Australian Stockman's Hall of Fame] — Queensland Government websiteee also
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Animal husbandry
*Stockhorse
*Cattle Station
*Cowboy
*Drover (Australian)
*Muster (livestock)
*Sheep station
*Ranch *
Damper (food) campfire bread
*Gaucho
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